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Bacteria employ two-component signal transduction system (TCSTS) to detect and respond to environmental stimuli.The prototype of this system consists of a membrane-bound receptor histidine kinase (RHK) and a cytosolic response regulator.After monitoring specific stimulus, the RHK can be autophosphorylated and then transfer the phosphoryl group onto its cognate RR.Therefore, TCSTS is the so-called bacterial "IQ" or "nervous system".