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Compared with the bulk material,nanomaterial generally shows significant variations in mechanical properties.In general,the surface effect can be separated into 2 components:surface residual term and surface elastic term.The surface residual term can be treated as a stress exerted to inner part thus the inner material suffering a prestress,while the elastic term can be neglected due to its weak effect.In order to investigate the size effect of ZnO nanowires,the nanowire model is designed as a surface shell coating an inner core.