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自保公助型、福利型、强制储蓄型等社会保障制度是当前国际上几种典型的保障制度。自保公助型贯彻“选择性”原则,强调权利与义务对等;全民福利型贯彻“普遍性”原则,所有公民无论是否就业,都有权获得基本社会保障。强制储蓄型强调劳方或劳资双方共同缴费,并强制个人参加储蓄。本文欲对这几种社会保障制度的及其典型代表国家养老保险制度加以分析比较,汲取其精华,借鉴其成功的经验和措施,以期更好地为市场经济服务。
Social security systems such as self-preservation, welfare-type and compulsory saving are the typical types of security systems in the world today. The principle of self-preservation and public assistance implements the principle of “selectivity”, emphasizing the equivalence of rights and obligations; the universal welfare model implements the principle of “universality”, and all citizens have the right to basic social security regardless of whether they are employed or not. Mandatory savings emphasizes that labor or employers and employees alike pay and force individuals to participate in saving. This article wants to analyze and compare these kinds of social security system and its representative national pension insurance system, draw its essence and draw lessons from its successful experience and measures in order to better serve the market economy.