The combination of different nanobuilding blocks in a single heterostructure can lead to materials with improved properties by selecting components with the desired characteristics for a specific application.Carbon-based heterostructures containing metal oxides,metals or both are particularly promising for energy and environmental applications.In this work,we describe atomic layer deposition and microwave-assisted synthesis of metal oxides supported on various carbon-based substrates(e.g.reduced graphene oxide CNTs and carbon black).