Quambalaria cyanescens is exceptionally rare as a human pathogen.Implant breast augmentation is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures,and fungal infection is still considered exceptional.Here we report the first case of human infection caused by Q.cyanescens in China.The patient had undergone bilateral injected mammaplasty augmentation about 11 years ago and was admitted to Plastic Surgical Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital on 15 September 2011 because of breast infection.The woman was in good health status except the Q.cyanescens infection and did not report any other major disease in her clinical history.