极低频电磁场对罗非鱼生长影响及其机制探讨

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为了探索极低频电磁场对鱼类的生物学效应及其作用机制,以罗非鱼幼鱼为研究对象,将其暴露在不同强度的极低频电磁场环境中进行饲养(磁场强度分别为0μT、30μT、100μT、200μT),极低频电磁场全天候照射,观察鱼类行为,在10d、20d、30d以及停照15d时,测量罗非鱼的体长、全长、体高、体重、肥满度和特定生长率指标,并对罗非鱼的胃蛋白酶活性和肠蛋白酶活性进行测定,整个实验过程中观察记录罗非鱼行为。实验结果表明:暴露组罗非鱼行为表现冷静并喜呆在水族箱底部,其维持了正常的摄食行为,与对照组在摄食量上无差别;极低频电磁场对罗非鱼幼鱼的生长和消化酶活性有一定的抑制作用,其中100μT极低频电磁场的抑制作用最大,其次是30μT,200μT抑制作用最小,推测极低频电磁场对罗非鱼的生物学效应存在“窗”特性;实验发现极低频电磁场对罗非鱼的影响所表现出的生理效应要早于生长效应,分析极低频电磁场照射期间罗非鱼生长指标和消化酶活性之间的关系,发现二者之间有显著的相关性,认为极低频电磁场对罗非鱼生长的抑制是由于其消化蛋白酶活性的降低所致,尤其是胃蛋白酶活性的降低。实验亦表明罗非鱼消化酶活性经过30~200μT极低频电磁场照射停照后是可以恢复的。
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