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本文记述了采自中国南海软骨鱼类寄生单殖吸虫5科12属16种:单杯科5亚科7属11种,二蛭虫科1属1种,扁形虫科1属1种,六沟盘虫科2属2种,棘杯虫科1属1种。其中4种拟定为新种,2科1亚科2属7种为我国新记录,1个未定种。具体如下: 一、单杯科Monocotylidae Taschenberg,1879 1.单杯亚科Monocotylinae Taschenberg,1879 1.1单杯虫属Monocotyle Taschenberg,1878(1)三睾单杯虫,新记录种Monocotyle tritestis Young,1967 n.rec.(2)古氏单杯虫Monocotyle kuhliiYoung,1967(3)凯西单杯虫,新记录种Monocotyle caseyae Chisholm&Whittington,2005 n.rec.(4)未定种单杯虫Monocotyle sp. 2.分盘亚科Merizocotylinae Johnston&Tiegs,1922 2.1分盘虫属Merizocotyle Cerfontaine,1894(1)中华分盘虫Merizocotyle sinensis Timofeeva,1984(2)长旋分盘虫,新记录种Merizocotyle macrostrobus Chisholm&Whittington,2012 n.rec. 2.2前庭虫属,新记录属Empruthotrema Johnston&Tiegs,1922 n.rec(1)细茎前庭虫,新记录种Empruthotrema stenophallus Chisholm&Whittington,2005 n.rec 3.异杯亚科Heterocotylinae Chisholm,Wheeler&Beverley-Burton,1995 3.1异杯虫属Heterocotyle Scott,1904(1)东方异杯虫,新种Heterocotyle orientalisn.sp 3.2新异杯虫属Neoheterocotyle Hargis,1955(1)四棘新异杯虫,新种Neoheterocotyle tetraspinan.sp 4.粗穴亚科Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky,1957 4.1蒂氏虫属Timofeevia Chisholm,Wheeler& Beverley-Burton,1995(1)鳐蒂氏虫Timofeevia rajae(Timofeeva,1983) Chisholm,Wheeler&Beverley-Burton,1995. 5.小杯虫亚科,新记录亚科Calicotylinae Monticelli,1903 n.rec. 5.1小杯虫属,新记录属Calicotyle Diesing,1850 n.rec.(1)澳洲小杯虫,新记录种Calicotyle australis Johnston,1934 n.rec. 二、二蛭虫科Amphibdellatidae(Carus,1885) Bychowsky,1937 1.似二蛭虫属Amphibdelloides Price,1937.(1)五齿似二蛭虫Amphibdelloides pentadatylus Liu&Ding,1995 三、扁形虫科,新记录科Loimoidae Bychowsky,1957 n.rec. 1.扁形虫属,新记录属Loimos MacCallum,1917 n.rec.(1)汕尾扁形虫,新种Loimos shanweiensisn.sp. 四、六沟盘虫科Hexabothriidae Price,1942 1.尾铗虫属Erpocotyle Van Ben.&Hesse,1863(1)双髻鲨尾铗虫,新记录种Erpocotyle sphyrnae MacCallum,1931 n.rec. 2.鲨铗虫属,新记录属Squalonchocotyle Cerfontaine,1899 n.rec.(1)中华鲨铗虫,新种Squalonchocotyle sinensisn.sp. 五、棘杯虫科,新记录科Acanthocotylidae Price,1936 n.rec. 1.拟棘杯虫属,新记录属Pseudacanthocotyla Yamaguti,1963 n.rec.(1)威廉拟棘杯虫,新记录种Pseudacanthocotyla williamsi(Price,1938)Yamaguti,1963 n.rec. 初步分析了南海软骨鱼类寄生单殖吸虫的分布状况,探讨了南海软骨鱼类寄生单殖吸虫的种类组成及宿主的多样性,在一定程度上填补了我国南海软骨鱼类寄生单殖吸虫分类研究的空缺。