Energy security is for Russia a key element of the national security not only due to the current situation of overcoming the crisis in the economy of the country, but also in the view of intensification of integrating Russian economy and power industry into international structures, serving as a permanent factor of ever growing sensibility of the entire national economy and of the power industry to external economic and political influence (the fuel-and-power industry (FPS) share in the economy of the country as regards industrial production makes over 45%, in the revenue side of the federal budget-approximately 55%, in the export volume-about 70%). Efficient utilization of the unique power potential of Russia should serve as the basis for im-provement in the Russian economy and a key factor for intensification of integration of Russia into the world community, defending its national interests.The recent significant changes in the structure of world energy markets, the re-duction of the traditional fuel and energy resources consumption and the sharp fall in prices for energy resources have a negative impact on Russian economy as well as on the capabilities of ensuring its energy security. That is why it proves to be very im-portant to explore the current and future situations with energy security in Russia and find the right way from the existing "crossroad" for Russian energy sector.This research aims to identify the possible threats to Russian energy security caused by the current situation on the world energy market, among others by the extensive use of shale gas/oil and non-conventional energy sources in foreign coun-tries; as well as to evaluate the impact of low energy resources prices on energy secu-rity of the country and to formulate the possible ways and mechanisms to reduce the identified possible threats to Russian economy. The paper analyzes the possible pro-spective structures of fuel and energy balance in the main regions of the world and examines their impact on Russian economy, moreover, it analyzes the possible price level for Russian fuel and energy resources in the main export markets up to the year of 2030.The major research methods that have been used for this paper are analysis and synthesis methods, text analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, graphics and forecasting methods, method of comparison and structural analysis.Data have been collected from the official websites of the various energy agen-cies, commissions, energetic forums and the reports and the reviews of the world-known oil and gas companies, as well as from internet archives, interviews, newspapers, published outlooks, and bulletins.