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本论文对胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica Maxim.)、狗枣猕猴桃(Actinidia kolomikta Rupr. et Maxim.)和木贼(Equisetum hiemale L.)的抗癌活性成分进行了研究。 1.发现胡桃楸叶的二氯甲烷提取物、茎皮的三氯甲烷及乙酸乙酯提取物、青果皮三氯甲烷提取物对人宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)、人肺癌细胞(A549)和人肝癌细胞 SK-Hep1显示了较强的细胞毒性。根据活性追踪法对胡桃楸叶二氯甲烷提取物、茎皮三氯甲烷及乙酸乙酯提取物、青果皮三氯甲烷提取物进行了提取、分离和纯化,共分离得到63个单体化合物,其中包括6个新化合物(1个酚苷类、2个共轭酮脂肪酸类和3个二芳基庚烷类化合物)。其余57个已知化合物分别为juglanin C(1),(+)-isosclerone(2),myricatomentogenin(3),(3R,7R)-3,7-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphe nyl)heptane(5),4-hydroxy-1-tetralone(6),ferulic acid(7),caffeic acid methyl ester(8),1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene(9),(3R)-3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane(10),3,11(S),17-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-1,16-oxo-7,13-diphenyl-11-heptanol(11),4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester(12),methyl p-hydroxycinnamate(13),β-Sitosterol(14),(6R,7E,9S)-9-Hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one(15),sarmentof F(16),benzoic acid(17),rhein ethyl ester(18),5-hydroxy-1,3-dimethoxy-9,10-anthracenedione(19),vomifoliol(20),4,5-dihydroblumenol A(21),ferutlic acid(22),3(R)-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxypheyl)heptane(23),(+)-syringaresinol(24),(–)-regiolone(25),2-oxatrycyclo[13.2.2.13,7] eicosa-3,5,7(20),15,17,18-hexaen-10-16-diol(26),syringic acid(27),(11R)-3,11,17-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-1,16-oxo-7,13-diphenyl-11-heptanol(28),(S)-(8E,10E)-12-hydroxy-7-oxo-8,10-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester(29),stearic acid(30),juglanin A(31),myricatomentogenin(32),5-hydroxy-1,3-dimethoxy-9,10-anthracenedione(33),engelheptanoxide A(34),stigmast-4-en-3-one(35),(6R,7E,9S)-9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one(36),rhein ethyl ester(37),5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone(38),4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone(39),gallic acid methyl ester(40),6-O-galloyl-D-glucopyranose(43),1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose(44),1,2,6-trigalloylglucopyranose(45),1,2,3,6-tertagalloylglucopyranose(46),4α,5,8-trihydroxy-α-tetralone-5-O-β-D-[6-O-(4"-hydroxy-3,5"-dimethoxybenzoyl)] glucopyranose(47),1,4,8-trihydroxynaphthalene-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(48),(+)-isosclerone(49),myricananin F(50),2-oxatrycyclo[13.2.2.13,7]eicosa-3,5,7(20),15,17,18-hexaen-10-16-diol(51),juglanin A(52),myricatomentogenin(53),4-hydroxy-1-tetralone(54),oleanolic acid(55),gallic acid(56),vanillin(57),methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(58),methyl2,3,4-trihydroxypentadec-5-enoate(59),3,7-dihydroxy-1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) heptane(60),1,7-(3-(2,3-dimethoxy-phenoxy)-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-heptane(61),3β,23-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(23-hydroxyursolic acid)(62),juglone(63). 2.发现狗枣猕猴桃根的二氯甲烷提取物对人宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)和人肝癌细胞Hep G2显示了较强的细胞毒性。根据活性追踪法对狗枣猕猴桃根的二氯甲烷提取物进行了提取、分离和纯化,共分离得到7个单体化合物(64-70),并进一步通过波谱学分析方法(1H-NMR、13C-NMR)和物理化学方法鉴定了这7个化合物的化学结构,分别为δ-amyrone(64),ursolic acid(65),betulinic acid(66),β-sitosterol(67),β-lawsarited(68),sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(69)和(7S,8R)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(70)。 3.发现木贼地上部分二氯甲烷提取物对人宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)和人肝癌细胞Hep G2显示了较强的细胞毒性。根据活性追踪法对狗枣猕猴桃根的二氯甲烷及正丁醇提取物进行了提取、分离和纯化,共分离得到12个单体化合物(71-82),并进一步通过波谱学分析方法(1H-NMR、13C-NMR)和物理化学方法鉴定了这7个化合物的化学结构,分别为 keampferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(71),herbacetin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(72),keampferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(73),2-methoxy-trans-cinnamylic acid-β-glucopyranoside(74),trans-ferulic acidβ-glucopyranoside(75),α-D-fructofuranose(76),5-hydroymethylfurfural(77),l-uridine(78),kaempferol-3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(79),kaempferol-3-sophoroside-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(80),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-7-O-β-D-glycopyranoside(81)和2-(sophorosyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanone(82) 4.为了研究化合物的抗肿瘤活性,本论文对胡桃楸叶、茎皮及乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到的部分化合物进行了MTT法测定对多种癌细胞的抑制作用。化合物7,14,19,35,37,55,56,57和63抑制HeLa细胞的IC50值分别为98.76,11.29,13.76,46.58,13.69,77.88,51.70,72.89和44.91μM。化合物14,19,35,37,55,56和63抑制 A549细胞的IC50值分别为59.29,9.79,35.35,5.37,84.19,44.77和28.61μM。化合物7,8,14,19,35,55,56和63抑制SK-Hep1细胞的IC50值分别为89.47,76.45,51.30,19.59,45.51,80.64,48.05和35.60μM。化合物65,66,67,69,71和79抑制HeLa细胞的IC50值分别为74.14,6.25,8.76,84.39,13.17和76.33μM。化合物65,66,67和71对Hep G2细胞的IC50值分别为9.16,5.34,67.73和6.22μM。化合物39,42,43,44,45,46,47,48和62对 MGC-803,A549,K562,JAR,HeLa,CaSKi和SiHa的细胞毒性试验结果显示,只有化合物39显示了较强的细胞毒性,其抑制癌细胞IC50值分别为2.0,5.3,2.3,6.9,4.0,6.6和2.7μM。化合物64,65,66,68,70和78抑制HeLa细胞的IC50值分别为74.14,6.25,8.76,84.39,13.17,76.33μM。化合物64,65,66和70抑制Hep G2细胞的IC50值分别为9.16,5.34,67.73和6.22μM。