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“抱娃娃”生育仪式是河北涉县娲皇宫庙会期间一项重要的民俗活动。“抱娃娃”生育仪式是指包含“抱娃娃”与“还娃娃”两个阶段的生育仪式。“抱娃娃”指人们到娲皇宫朝圣求子,“还娃娃”是人们得子后到娲皇宫朝圣还愿。“抱娃娃”生育仪式也是娲皇宫系列人生仪礼的起点,这些习俗一同形成了许愿与还愿的循环,在代际间生命传递的同时,娲皇宫女娲信仰也得到了传播。在“抱娃娃”生育仪式过程中,孩子的出生改变了家庭结构,即家庭由横向的夫妻关系变成父母与亲子的三角关系,这种新的家庭结构相对更加稳固。“抱娃娃”生育仪式过程中产生了一种新家庭结构,是一种意识形态的生产与加固的过程。乡村文化中的生育信仰通过非物质文化遗产和政府公祭仪式文本的文化书写转化成为国家祭祀的核心内容。从抱娃娃到国家祭祀的过程即生育仪式文化传播从“口语传统”向“书写传统”的转变过程,体现了国家对民间信仰与乡村文化的介入与控制。
“Cuddle ” The birth ceremony is an important folklore activity during the imperial temple festival in Shexian County, Hebei Province. “Cuddle” The birth ceremony is a birth ceremony that contains two phases, “Cuddle” and “Doll”. “Cuddle doll ” refers to the people to go to the Royal Palace pilgrimage, “also doll ” is the people after the child to the palace of the royal pilgrimage. The birth ceremony of “Hugging Dolls” is also the starting point of the ceremonial rite of imperial palace series. These customs together form a cycle of wishing and vowing. At the same time of passing the intergenerational life, the belief in the imperial palace is also spread. In the process of giving birth to a baby, the child’s birth changed the family structure. That is, the family changed from a horizontal husband-wife relationship to a triangular relationship between parents and his parents. This new family structure is relatively more stable. “Doll ” gave birth to a new family structure during the birth ceremony, which is an ideological process of production and reinforcement. The birth belief in the rural culture transforms into the core content of the national sacrifice through the cultural writing of the intangible cultural heritage and the government sacrificial rites. From the process of holding a doll to the sacrificial ceremony of the country, the process of the birth of a ceremonial proclamation of a reproductive ceremony changes from “traditional oral tradition” to “traditional writing”, embodying the state’s intervention and control over folk beliefs and rural culture.