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南京栖霞山作为南方地区目前已知的一处较为集中的南朝—五代佛教窟龛造像遗迹,在中国佛教石窟中占据着重要地位。本文以2008年9月至2009年1月,笔者与同门在栖霞山石窟实地考察的测图记录为基础,对栖霞山石窟唐—五代洞窟运用考古学方法进行了全面分期,并结合历史和佛教史背景,探寻各期形成的原因,希望能对栖霞山石窟更深入的研究有所帮助。文章前言部分简要介绍了栖霞山石窟的基本情况并回顾了前人的研究情况。正文分为四个部分:第一部分文献记载及碑刻题记,主要述及历代与栖霞山开窟造像以及莹饰修复有关的文献与碑刻题记。第二部分洞窟的内容,主要是将可资排列的洞窟造像按照考古学方法从洞窟形制、题材内容以及造像组合三个方面进行分型定式和分组。第三部分分期和断代,对分组结果进行进一步的分析讨论,将各组归类分为三期,结合史料将各期年代做了推测。第一期大约从高宗前期至玄宗开元前期,即650年至725年。第二期大约从开元前期至会昌、大中年间,即727年至851年。第三期大约从唐大中年间至五代南唐保大年间,年代范围大约在851年至951年。第四部分余论,对五代以后一直到明代,栖霞寺以及栖霞山石窟的存毁修复情况进行了简单的讨论。
Nanjing Qixiashan is a well-known remains of statues of Southern Dynasties and Five Dynasties in Southern China. It occupies an important position in Chinese Buddhist caves. This article, from September 2008 to January 2009, the author and the same door in the Qixia Mountain caves on the site of the mapping records based on the Qixia Mountain Grottoes - Five Dynasties caves using archeological methods were fully staged, and a combination of history and Buddhism Historical background, to explore the reasons for the formation of various periods, hoping to help Qixia Mountain Grottoes more in-depth study. The preface of the article briefly introduces the basic situation of the Qixiashan Grottoes and reviews the previous research. The text is divided into four parts: The first part of the literature records and inscriptions inscriptions, mainly to the ancient Qixiashan caves and caves decoration and repair of the literature and inscription inscription inscriptions. The second part of the contents of the cave, mainly by the arrangement of cave statues in accordance with the archaeological methods from the cave shape, subject matter and the image combination of three aspects of classification and grouping. The third part of the staging and dating, the group results for further analysis and discussion, the classification of each group is divided into three phases, combined with historical data to make speculation of each period. The first period from about the early period of Emperor Kongzong to the early Xuanzong Kaiyuan, that is, from 650 to 725 years. The second period from the pre-Kaiyuan to Huichang, middle-aged, that is, from 727 to 851 years. The third period from about the middle of the Tang Dynasty to the fifth generation of the Southern Tang Dynasty, ranging from about 851 years to 951 years. The fourth part of the rest of the discussion, after the Five Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty, Qixia Temple and Qixiashan caves ruin repair briefed.