一科学技术是生产力,是社会经济活动的动力。现代国民经济发展的特点,要求集中力量储备新技术,并加速新技术的应用。科学技术进步成了提高社会生产效率的首要因素,也是经济增长的重要源泉。自从十九世纪末,自由资本主义进入垄断资本主义以后,科学技术,包括科学研究和技术开发(Research and development,简称R&D)就从个人活动变成了为垄断资产阶级追逐利润的有组织的社会化活动。科技成果更广泛地应用于生产,科学技术的目的性和计划性 A science and technology is productivity, is the driving force of socio-economic activities. The characteristics of the development of the modern national economy require that we concentrate on stockpiling new technologies and accelerating the application of new technologies. Scientific and technological progress has become the primary factor in raising the productivity of social production and also an important source of economic growth. Since the liberal capitalism entered the monopoly capitalism in the late nineteenth century, science and technology, including scientific research and development (R & D), have turned from personal activities into organized socialization that pursues profits for the monopoly bourgeoisie activity. Scientific and technological achievements are more widely used in production, science and technology of purpose and planning