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在普通物理实验中,为了测量真空中两个电量相等而异号的点电荷的电场图象(由电力线和等位线描绘),通常的方法是在一盘内盛以薄层导电液,导电液中垂直插入两根电极,两电极可视为线状,相距一定距离。把直流电源和两电极联结后,导电液中便形成稳定的直流电流场,如图1所示。通常认为,这稳定电流场模拟了真空中两个电量相等而异号的点电荷的电场。作者认为,这一看法是值得商讨的。如图2所示,两电极垂直插入薄层导电液中。假定盘边距两电极的距离比起两电极间的距离大很多,又假定我们作等位线测量时主要在两电极附近区域进行,则我们测得的图形可认为不受盘边的影响。即相对于我们的测量范围来说,导电液可视为铺展在无限大平面上。设盘底为玻璃,导电液上方为空气(而实际装置常是如此),则
In ordinary physics experiments, in order to measure the electric field images (represented by power lines and equipotential lines) of two electric charges of equal electric potential and different sign in a vacuum, a common method is to use a thin layer of conductive liquid and a conductive Liquid into the vertical two electrodes, the two electrodes can be regarded as linear, a certain distance apart. The DC power supply and the two electrodes connected, the conductive liquid will form a stable DC current field, as shown in Figure 1. It is generally accepted that this stable current field simulates the electric field of two charges of equal magnitude and different sign in vacuum. The author believes that this view is worth discussing. As shown in FIG. 2, the two electrodes are vertically inserted into the thin conductive liquid. Assuming that the distance between two electrodes at the edge of the plate is much greater than the distance between the two electrodes, and assuming that the measurement of the equipotential lines takes place mainly in the vicinity of the two electrodes, the pattern we measured can be considered unaffected by the edge of the plate. That is, relative to our measurement range, the conductive fluid can be considered to spread on an infinite plane. Set the bottom of the glass, conductive liquid above the air (and the actual device is often the case), then