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学生在学习初三化学第三章《碳》后,常出现一些共同性错误,今举数例予以分析。1.碳有哪些同素异形体?〔错答〕碳的同素异形体有金刚石、石墨、木炭、活性炭、焦炭等。〔错解分析〕错误在于未真正理解同索异形体的概念,对金刚石、石墨、木炭等的结构和组成不甚了解。同素异形体是由问一种元素形成的多种单质,单质是纯净物。而木炭、焦炭等它们主要是由石墨微小晶体和少量杂质构成的,严格地说,它们不是纯净物而是混和物,因此不能称作碳的同素异形体。
After studying the third chapter of chemistry, Carbon in the third year of the school, students often have some common mistakes. This case will be analyzed in several cases. 1. What are the allotropes of carbon? (False Answer) Carbon allotropes include diamond, graphite, charcoal, activated carbon, and coke. [Mission Analysis] The error lies in the fact that the concept of isotrope is not really understood, and the structure and composition of diamond, graphite, and charcoal are not well understood. Allotropes are a variety of simple substances formed by asking one kind of element. The simple substance is a pure substance. Charcoal, coke, etc. are mainly composed of graphite microcrystals and a small amount of impurities. Strictly speaking, they are not pure substances but are mixed substances, so they cannot be called carbon allotropes.