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目的评价部分地区妇女在产前保健利用方面的公平性状况和相对变化。方法数据来自北京大学生育健康研究所在13个县(市)的围产保健监测系统,研究对象为1994年和2000年分娩了单胎活产儿的103704名妇女。应用χ2检验、多元logisitc回归和计算集中指数方法,比较不同文化程度妇女的系统管理率、相对危险度和集中指数。结果1994年的系统管理率为22.1%,2000年为57.4%。总的集中指数由1994年的-0.046上升为2000年的0.066。北方地区的集中指数由1994年的0.015上升为2000年的0.295,南方地区的集中指数由1994年的-0.015上升为2000年的0.062;农村的集中指数由1994年的0.002上升为2000年的0.026,城市的集中指数由1994年的0.042下降为2000年的0.019。结论不同文化程度的妇女在产前保健利用方面存在不公平性,近年来除城市稍有缓解外,多有所加剧,北方地区尤其严重,需要引起重视。
Objective To evaluate the fairness and relative changes of women in prenatal care in selected areas. Methods Data were collected from the Perinatal Health Monitoring System at Peking University Institute of Reproductive Health in 13 counties (cities) for 103,704 women who gave birth to single-child live births in 1994 and 2000. The χ2 test, multivariate logisitc regression and the calculation of concentration index were used to compare the rates of systematic management, relative risk and concentration of women with different education levels. As a result, the system management rate was 22.1% in 1994 and 57.4% in 2000. The overall concentration index increased from -0.046 in 1994 to 0.066 in 2000. The concentration index in the north increased from 0.015 in 1994 to 0.295 in 2000, while that in the south increased from -0.015 in 1994 to 0.062 in 2000; the concentration index in rural areas rose from 0.002 in 1994 to 0.026 in 2000 The city’s concentration index dropped from 0.042 in 1994 to 0.019 in 2000. Conclusions Women with different education levels are unfair in the utilization of antenatal care. In recent years, there has been more exacerbation than the slight easing in the cities. The northern region is especially serious and needs attention.