近代中国反洋教运动,如果以1856年的广西西林教案为起点,迄于1898年的山东梨园屯起义,其间为时达四十余年之久,比中国近代史上任何一次重大事件持续的时间都长得多。反洋教运动是由西方列强的宗教侵略激起的,而宗教侵略正是帝国主义侵华政策的一个重要组成部分。因此,从根本上说来,反洋教运动具有鲜明的民族自卫性质,是反帝爱国运动。但是,就反洋教运动本身来说,它有一个发展的过程。到十九世纪八十年代末九十年代初,由于民间秘密结社直接参加到反洋教斗争的行列里来,并成为斗争的主导力量,运动的性质必然随着发生变化。对于民间秘密结社与反洋教运动的关系问题,目前专门性的研究还相当不够,本文试作初步探索,希望得到批评和指正。一中法战争是近代中国反洋教运动的一个重要转折点。在此以前,运动的倡导者基本上是封建官绅,所采用的方式多半是骚动或械斗;中法战争后,封建官绅逐渐从运动中退出,而城乡人民群众则开始起着主导作用。特别是运动卷入了越来越多的民间秘密结社成员,他们逐步居于运动的领导地位,而所用的方式也逐步发展为武装斗 In the modern Chinese anti-yaoism movement, starting from the 1859 Xilin Project in Guangxi Province and ending up as a pear uprising in Shandong Province in 1898, it lasted for more than 40 years and lasted longer than any major event in modern Chinese history Are much longer. The anti-oceanist movement was aroused by the religious aggression of Western powers, and the religious aggression is precisely an important part of the imperialist policy of aggression against China. Therefore, fundamentally, the anti-oceanist movement has a distinct national self-defense character and is a patriotic anti-imperialist movement. However, as far as the anti-Oceanist movement itself is concerned, it has a process of development. By the late 1980s and early 1990s, as private secret societies participated directly in anti-Chinese religious struggles and became the dominant force in the struggle, the nature of the movement inevitably changed. For the relationship between the private secret association and the anti-oceanic movement, the present special research is still not enough. This article tries to make a tentative exploration and hopes to be criticized and corrected. The Sino-French war was an important turning point in the anti-Chinese foreign movement in modern China. Prior to this, advocates of the movement were basically feudal gentry, most of whom adopted the method of commotion or fierce fighting. After the Sino-French War, the feudal gentry gradually withdraw from the movement, while the urban and rural people began to play a leading role. In particular, the movement is involved in a growing number of members of the non-governmental secret society, who are gradually leading the movement, and the methods used have also gradually evolved into armed struggle