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本文着力于探讨当代西方马克思主义对于辩证法的理论重构。就其理论诞生的语境而言,辩证法包含两个基本内涵,即内在矛盾与同一性原则,它意指多样性的同一。当代西方马克思主义者承担着论证革命合法性的理论任务,通过对形而上学同一性原则的批判来构筑新的历史必然性。辩证法成为了其完成这一任务的重要理论资源。首先,辩证法的内在矛盾性为打碎形而上学,凸显断裂与偶然性提供了可能的契机,从而保持了马克思思想中的彻底的革命性。其次,辩证法的同一性原则又保障了这种断裂和偶然性不会走向彻底的多元主义,从而坚持了某种新形式的历史必然性。
This article focuses on the contemporary western Marxist dialectics of theoretical reconstruction. In terms of the birth of its theory, dialectics contains two basic connotations: the principle of internal contradictions and identities, which means the sameness of diversity. Contemporary Western Marxists bear the theoretical task of demonstrating the legitimacy of the revolution and build a new historical inevitability through the critique of the principle of the unity of metaphysics. Dialectics has become its important theoretical resource to accomplish this task. First of all, the inherent contradictions of dialectics provide a possible opportunity for breaking metaphysics and highlighting the possibility of rupture and contingency, thus maintaining the complete revolutionary character in Marx’s thought. Second, the principle of identity of dialectics in turn guarantees that such breaks and contingencies do not go to complete pluralism, thus insisting on a new form of historical inevitability.