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本文基于契约理论与企业能力理论相结合的视角,审视了企业本质的相关问题。研究认为,企业的本质在于“契约性”与“生产性”的统一,作为市场与社会中间组织的企业,一方面通过由其契约特性所支撑的社会机能——内部组织化和经济成果的再分配与社会建立了非经济性的联系;另一方面通过由其生产特性所维系的经济机能——商品的生产和交换与市场建立了经济关系,所以企业既是一个经济组织,同时也是一个社会组织。由此决定了企业的活动应该体现经济合理性和社会合理性的综合要求,企业最终追求的应是在不损害市场与社会的正常机能的前提下,其经济与社会价值的最大化,而持续竞争优势的获得与维系是实现这一目标的关键。
Based on the combination of contract theory and enterprise competence theory, this paper examines the issues related to the nature of enterprises. The study shows that the essence of an enterprise lies in the unification of “contracting ” and “productive ”. As an enterprise organized by the market and the society, on the one hand, through the social function supported by its contractual features - internal organization and The redistribution of economic results establishes a non-economic link with the society. On the other hand, the economic relations are established with the market through the production and exchange of the economic functions which are maintained by the characteristics of their production. Therefore, the enterprise is not only an economic organization, It is also a social organization. This determines that the activities of enterprises should reflect the economic rationality and social rationality of the comprehensive requirements of the ultimate pursuit of the enterprise should be under the premise of not undermining the normal functioning of the market and society under the premise of its economic and social value, and continued The acquisition and maintenance of competitive advantage are the key to achieving this goal.