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目的对小鼠肾脏发育中各组成结构进行体视学测量和分析,以提供小鼠肾发育的基础数据。方法应用光镜和电子显微镜技术结合体视学分析方法对小鼠肾脏发育各阶段的肾脏大体、各部组成、皮质肾小体及集合管上皮主细胞进行了详细观察和体视学测量与分析。结果大体测量:肾脏长度和体积生后1~7 d、21~28 d增加非常显著(P<0.01)。光镜测量:皮质体积胚龄18 d到生后1 d增加非常显著(P<0.01);髓质体积生后1~14 d、21~28 d增加显著(P<0.05);内髓生后21 d出现,以后体积变化不明显;皮质肾小体体积从胚龄18 d到生后40 d大约增大30倍。电镜测量:集合管上皮主细胞侧基底细胞膜面密度生后3 w内迅速增长,截面积胚龄18 d到生后7 d增加显著。结论小鼠肾脏各部组成从胚龄18 d开始体积迅速增长,到生后28 d发育接近成年水平。
OBJECTIVE: To perform stereological measurement and analysis of the various components of the mouse kidney during development to provide basic data on the development of the kidney in mice. Methods By using light microscopy and electron microscopy combined with stereological methods, we observed the gross structure of kidney, the components of the cortex, the main bodies of cortical renal cells and the collecting duct epithelium in various stages of kidney development in mice and the stereological measurement and analysis. Results Gross measurement: The length and volume of kidneys increased significantly from 1 to 7 days and from 21 to 28 days after birth (P <0.01). Light microscopic measurement showed that the volume of cortex increased significantly from 18 d to 1 d after birth (P <0.01), while the volume of medulla increased significantly from 1 to 14 d and from 21 to 28 d after birth (P <0.05) 21 d appeared after volume change was not obvious; cortical renal volume increased from embryo age 18 d after birth 40 d increased about 30 times. Electron microscopy showed that the basal cell surface density of the collecting duct epithelial cells increased rapidly within 3 weeks after birth, and the cross-sectional area increased significantly from 18 days to 7 days after birth. Conclusion The components of the kidneys of mice increased rapidly from 18 days of embryo age to 28 days of age and reached the adult level.