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西方基于计算机的数码文学研究起步于20世纪50年代,开始时从实验诗歌的角度关注随机文本的生成。60年代之后,人工智能、人机对话和叙事的关系获得重视,相关研究主要是程序开发者的自我介绍,还有来自理论家的审视与批评。超文本系统的开发给数码文学研究带来了新课题。不过,只是在80年代电子超文本小说问世之后,相关研究才升温。封装型电子出版物一度因其超文本、多媒体或超媒体特性而成为艺术家之所爱,并为理论家所留心,但很快就因在线超文本系统WWW的兴起而失色。研究者从90年代开始将主要注意力投向网络文学,探讨可编程媒体中的写作、阅读与嬉戏。21世纪以来,人们比以前更关注数码诗歌美学、计算机游戏和数码文学的关系、新媒体叙事技巧等问题。对于西方数码文学的研究成果,可以从符号性与身体性、天然性与人工性、语言性与情思性、体验性与表现性等多种角度加以考察。
Western computer-based digital literature research started in the 1950s. At first, it focused on the generation of random texts from the perspective of experimental poetry. After the 1960s, attention was paid to the relationship between artificial intelligence, man-machine dialogue and narration. Relevant researches mainly focused on the introduction of self-introduction by program developers as well as the review and criticism from theorists. The development of hypertext system has brought new topics to digital literature research. However, only after the advent of electronic hypertext novels in the 1980s did related research heat up. Encapsulated e-publications, once loved by artists for their hypertext, multimedia or hypermedia features, are being watched by theorists, but quickly disappear from the rise of the online hypertext system WWW. Since the 1990s, researchers have focused their attention on online literature and discussed writing, reading and playing in the programmable media. Since the 21st century, people have paid more attention to issues of digital poetry aesthetics, the relationship between computer games and digital literature, and new media narrative techniques than ever before. The research results of Western digital literature can be examined from the perspectives of symbolic and physical, natural and artificial, linguistic and sentimental, experiential and expressive.