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本文在一个南北两国出口竞争双寡头模型中,研究贸易自由化对出口国环境政策的战略选择、环境质量及国家福利的影响。研究发现:(1)贸易自由化效应在不同贸易壁垒下不具有一般性,削减出口补贴将促使出口国排放标准趋于宽松、国家福利恶化,而关税削减则使环境标准趋于严格并改善国家福利。(2)出口补贴下降改善了出口国环境质量,而南北异质性可能改变了关税壁垒削减的正环境效应而使之不确定。给定南北国家存在环境异质性,削减出口补贴以改善环境的效率可能强于削减关税壁垒。消除南北环境技术及环境损害差距有助于确保贸易自由化进程中关税削减以环境友好方式运行。
In a competition duopoly model between North and South countries, this paper studies the impact of trade liberalization on the strategic choices of environmental policies in exporting countries, environmental quality and national welfare. The findings are as follows: (1) The effect of trade liberalization is not general under different trade barriers. The reduction of export subsidies will lead to the easing of export standards in the exporting countries and the deterioration of national welfare. And the reduction of tariffs will make the environmental standards more stringent and improve the country welfare. (2) The decline of export subsidies improves the environmental quality of exporting countries, while the heterogeneity of the South and the North may change the positive environmental effects of the reduction of tariff barriers to make it uncertain. Given the environmental heterogeneity in North and South countries, the efficiency of reducing export subsidies to improve the environment may be stronger than the reduction of tariff barriers. The elimination of North-South environmental technology and environmental damage disparities helps to ensure that tariff reductions in the process of trade liberalization operate in an environmentally friendly manner.