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目的通常的观点认为,卵细胞因为提供了母方基因组和大部分甚至全部的细胞质而对受精卵的形成起到更加重要的作用,而精子仅仅带来了父方的基因组。近期的研究表明,精子发生过程中的表观遗传学变化也对其后代的胚胎形成及发育有着重要的影响。因此,了解精子发生的表观遗传学变化及其研究的最新动态对于研究精子发生过程本身、精子发生对于子代胚胎的影响以及辅助生殖技术等精细胞临床应用研究都有十分重要的意义。方法本文将从DNA甲基化、鱼精蛋白取代作用及留守组蛋白修饰、小RNAs的调控作用三大方面概括说明哺乳动物精子发生过程中的表观遗传学研究最新进展。结论简要说明精子发生过程中这种非基因组序列的改变对后代胚胎形成及发育造成的影响。
Purpose It is generally accepted that oocytes play a more important role in the formation of fertilized eggs by providing maternal genomes and most or all of the cytoplasm, whereas sperm only bring about the paternal genome. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic changes during spermatogenesis also have an important impact on embryogenesis and development of their offspring. Therefore, to understand the epigenetic changes of spermatogenesis and the latest developments of their research is very important for the study of the process of spermatogenesis, the impact of spermatogenesis on the progeny embryo and the clinical application of spermatogenesis such as assisted reproductive technology. Methods This review summarizes recent advances in epigenetic studies in mammalian spermatogenesis from three aspects: DNA methylation, protamine substitution, histone modification, and the regulation of small RNAs. Conclusions A brief description of the effects of such non-genomic sequence changes on the formation and development of offspring embryos during spermatogenesis is presented.