冻伤发生于高寒地区严寒季节。但大量病例则见于大战役,在战争史上有许多记载,数字很惊人,其直接后果是削弱部队战斗力。据统计,美国作战部队于1944～1945年,在欧洲有46,000名冻伤,平均需住院50天,所造成的有效作战力的损失约为12个步兵师团50天。至于每个冻伤患者,则可造成残废。 冻伤虽是重要研究课题,但进展不大。主要原因是大量病例只见于战时。而战争条件下,又往往紧急后送,难以系统和及时观察,也不易在初期精确地判断损伤程度,甚至受冻条件也不清楚,更谈 Frostbite occurs in the cold season in the alpine region. However, a large number of cases are found in major campaigns. There are many records in the history of the war. The figures are staggering, with the direct consequence of undermining the combat effectiveness of the troops. According to statistics, in 1944-1945, the U.S. combat unit had 46,000 frostbite injuries in Europe, requiring on average 50 days of hospitalization, resulting in an effective combat loss of about 50 days for 12 infantry divisions. As for each frostbite patient, it can cause disability. Although frostbite is an important research topic, little progress has been made. The main reason is that a large number of cases only seen in wartime. However, under the conditions of war, emergency evacuation is often difficult, and it is difficult to systematically and promptly observe the situation. It is also not easy to judge accurately the extent of damage in the early stages, nor even to understand the condition of freezing.