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从线虫到人类,在病原体识别、信号转导途径及效应机制等方面均高度相似,这些防御机制有着共同的进化起源。至今研究过的脊椎动物中,都存在结构与功能相似的主要组织相容性复合体(MHC),即一组紧密连锁的高度多态性基因组成的染色体区域,其产物表达在不同细胞表面。人类MHC,又称白细胞抗原(HLA)系统,位于第6号染色体短臂(6p21.31),跨度3.6 Mb,是免疫功能相关基因最集中、基因密度最高、多态性最丰富、与疾病关联最密切的一个区域,一直是免疫学和遗传
From nematodes to humans, they are highly similar in pathogen identification, signal transduction pathways, and effector mechanisms, all of which share a common evolutionary origin. In vertebrates studied so far, there is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that is structurally and functionally similar, that is, a group of closely linked regions of chromosomes composed of highly polymorphic genes whose products are expressed on different cell surfaces. Human MHC, also known as Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system, is located on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21.31) with a span of 3.6 Mb. It has the highest concentration of immune-related genes, the highest gene density, the most abundant polymorphisms and is associated with the disease One of the most intimate areas has been immunology and heredity