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马克思主义本质上具有一种彻底批判精神,它不仅以批判的精神考察资本主义制度,得出了资本主义必然灭亡、社会主义必然胜利的结论,而且以批判的态度思考社会主义的问题。马克思主义从来不把社会主义社会中存在的一切都看作是社会主义性质的,也从来不把社会主义社会看成是完美无缺、凝固不变的,相反,认为社会主义社会是一个不断需要改革的社会。“凡是存在的都是合理的”并不是马克思主义的思维方式。把马克思主义与时代特征和当代中国实际相结合,邓小平创建了独具特色的社会改革理论。研读《邓小平文选》第二、三卷可以看出,改革是当代中国的“第二次革命”,这是邓小平对当代中国改革的性质和意义的科学概括。
Marxism, in essence, has a completely critical spirit. It not only examines the capitalist system in a critical spirit but also concludes that capitalism will surely perish and socialism inevitably triumphs, and that it will critically consider the issue of socialism. Marxism never sees everything existing in the socialist society as a socialist one and never sees the socialist society as being perfect and solidified. On the contrary, it considers the socialist society a constantly-needed reform Of society. “Anything that exists is reasonable” is not Marxist way of thinking. By combining Marxism with the characteristics of the times and the reality of contemporary China, Deng Xiaoping created a unique theory of social reform. Studying the Second and Third Volumes of Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, we can see that the reform is the “second revolution” in contemporary China. This is Deng Xiaoping’s scientific summary of the nature and significance of contemporary China’s reform.