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表观遗传学调控在器官发育以及再生医学中是重要的研究内容,而组蛋白的甲基化修饰属于表观遗传学调控机制之一并且成为近年来研究的热点内容。处于不同甲基化状态下的组蛋白,能影响多种分子对其的识别和结合,在转录起始、转录效率和转录后加工等多个层面调控相关基因的表达。而哺乳动物的器官发育与细胞重编程都与基因选择性表达密切相关,因此组蛋白甲基化状态在基因选择性表达中扮演着重要角色。本文概述了组蛋白去甲基化酶的分类以及组蛋白不同甲基化状态下对于基因的表达的调控,同时总结了组蛋白去甲基化酶在维持胚胎干细胞的多分化潜能和IPS细胞重编程效率方面的作用以及组蛋白去甲基化酶基因的缺失与相关器官发育的影响。最后探讨了组蛋白甲基化修饰酶在推动发育生物学与再生医学研究进展方面的潜能。
Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in organ development and regenerative medicine. Methylation of histone is one of the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation and has become a hot topic in recent years. Histones under different methylation status can affect the recognition and binding of many molecules, and regulate the expression of related genes at the transcription initiation, transcription efficiency and post-transcriptional processing. However, both mammalian organ development and cell reprogramming are closely related to gene-selective expression. Therefore, the histone methylation status plays an important role in gene-selective expression. This article summarizes the classification of histone demethylase and the regulation of gene expression under different methylation states of histone proteins and summarizes the role of histone demethylase in maintaining pluripotency of embryonic stem cells and IPS cell weight The role of programming efficiency and histone demethylase gene deletion and related organ development. Finally, the potential of histone methylation-modifying enzymes in promoting the development of developmental biology and regenerative medicine was explored.