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近年来神经刺激器发展迅速,取得了从概念到临床应用的卓越成果。如人工耳蜗、心脏起搏器、神脑刺激器、人造视网膜假体等。刺激电极正是通过对生物组织(比如神经、肌肉等)进行电刺激引起其兴奋,使之产生冲动。其中视网膜假体对刺激电极有着严格要求,必须设计制备具有高密度、植入损伤小、刺激有效、长期工作稳定和生物安全性高,并且能够和电气部分实现良好连接的刺激电极模块。因此,本文主要对近年来国内外多种植入式电极从材料、制备工艺、表面修饰、性能测试等方面进行总结,同时提出了其中的不足并进行了展望。
In recent years, neurostimulators have developed rapidly and achieved remarkable results from concept to clinical application. Such as cochlear implants, cardiac pacemakers, neurostimulators, artificial retina prostheses and the like. It is through the stimulation of the electrode biological tissue (such as nerves, muscles, etc.) caused by electrical stimulation of its excitement, so that the impulse. Retinal prostheses have strict requirements on stimulating electrodes. Therefore, it is necessary to design and manufacture stimulating electrode modules with high density, small implanted damage, effective stimuli, long-term stable operation, high biological safety and good connection with electrical parts. Therefore, in this paper, we summarize many kinds of implantable electrodes at home and abroad in recent years from the aspects of material, preparation process, surface modification, performance test and so on, at the same time, put forward the problems and prospects.