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【高考题例】
1. （2011年北京卷）The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase__________ .
A.thenB.those
C.itD.that
分析：C。本题考查代词。此处it代指上文提到的the employment rate,是实指。
2. (2011年江西卷)Why don’t you bring __________ to his attention that you’re too ill to work on？
A.thatB.it
C.hisD.him
分析：B。本题考查代词。此处it是形式宾语,指代后面的That从句。
3. (2011年山东卷)The two girls are so alike that stranger find__________difficult to tell one from the other．
A.itB.them
C.herD.that
分析：A。本题考查代词。此处it是形式宾语,指代后面的不定式短语。
【考点解析】
一、 代词it的基本用法
1. 指环境情况(天气,时间,距离,度量衡等)
1) It’s nine o’clock now. 现在九点整了。
2) It was very noisy at the moment. 当时很吵闹。
3) It’s twenty minutes’ walk from my home to school. 从我家到学校要步行二十分钟。
2. 代替前面(或后面)的单数名词或分词或分句等所表示的事物
1) Although we can not see it, there is air all around us. (it 指代后文的air). 虽然我们看不见,空气就在我们周围。
2) You may borrow any book in the library and you can keep it for seven days. (it 指代前文的book). 你可以到图书馆借任何书,而且你可以保存七天。
3) They said they had finished the work, but I can’t believe it. (it指代前一分句)。他们说已经完成了工作,但是我无法相信。
3. 作形式主语或宾语
为使句子平衡,非谓语动词或从句作主语或宾语时,通常用it作形式主语或宾语,而将真正的主语或宾语置于句末。
1) It is not easy to finish the work in two days. 两天内完成这项工作是不容易的。
2) It isn’t a shame that they lost the game？ 他们比赛失败难道不丢人吗？
3)They found it difficult to finish the task before dark. 他们发现黄昏前完成任务是很困难的。
4. 代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)
When a baby is crying, it may be hungry. (it指代baby). 婴儿哭的时候,她可能饿了。
5. 在某些习惯说法中it 可指代人(但必须说话者双方都知道是somebody)
—Someone is knocking at the door？ 有人在敲门吗？
—Really？ Who is it？ 真的？是谁呢？
—It must be Dr. Johnson. 准是约翰逊医生。
6. 作强调词,构成强调结构。It 用以帮助改变句子结构,使句子的某一成分受到强调。形成“It is(was )+所强调的成分(主语,宾语,状语)+that(或who, whom)+其它成分”。在这个句型中,it 本身没有词意。
1 ) It is Professor Li that teaches us English.(强调主语)是李教授教我们的英语。
2) It is Professor Li that/who I saw in the street.(强调宾语) 我在街上看到的是李教授。
3) It was in the street that I saw the Professor Li. (强调地点状语) 我是在街上看到李教授的。
7. 用在一些固定句型或搭配中,it没有实在意义,但不可省略
1) Does it mater if he can’t attend our party？ 他不能参加我们的聚会要紧吗？
2) I don’t like it that you came late this morning. 你今天早上来迟了,我不喜欢。
二、 在学习代词it 的用法时要搞好它和one,that两个代词的区别：
英语中,这三个词常用来代替上文已经出现过的内容。
1. one作为替代词,可以指代上文提到的人或物。前面常有冠词, 指示代词或形容词修饰。它的复数形式为ones。如：
My recorder doesn’t work. I want to buy a new one. 我的收录机坏了,我想要买一只新的。
This dictionary is more expensive than that one. 这一本词典比那一本要贵得多。
This umbrella is much better than the ones they have bought. 这把雨伞要比他们买的那些好得多。
注意：one只能指代可数名词,如下面的一道易错选择题：
This bread is better than__________ ．
A.this oneB.that one
C.big oneD.that
分析：该题中bread为不可数名词, 所以不能用one 来替代,从而正确答案只能是D。
2. it代替上文中提到的某种确定的名词,或代替上文中的this或that。 如：
What’s this？ It’s a pen. 这是什么？ 这是一支钢笔。
I have lost my watch. I’m looking for it. 我的手表丢了,我正在找它。
注意区别： I have lost my watch since last month. I want to buy a new one. 从上个月我的手表就丢了,我要买一只新的。
由后面的两个句子,我们可以看出, it 指代特指的对象, one指代泛指的对象。
3. that 指代上文提到的内容, 通常与后置定语连用，复数形式为those。 如：
The weather in Nanjing is hotter than that in Beijing. 南京的天气比北京的热。
The apples are bigger that those from Hebei Province. 这些苹果要比河北省来的那些大。
Few pleasures can equal__________of a cool drink on a hot day．
A.someB.any
C.thatD.those
分析：C。这里that指代上文提到的pleasure。题干意思为：很少有乐趣能等同于热天吃冷饮的乐趣。
●巩
●固
●练
●习
1. The chairman thought__________necessary to invite President Obama to speak in our university
A.thatB.it
C.thisD.him
2. I’d appreciate__________if you would like to take my son to watch the opening ceremony of Guangzhou 2010 Asian Games.
A.thatB.it
C.thisD.you
3. I was disappointed with the concert last night. I had expected__________to be much better.
A.thatB.this
C.oneD.it
4.__________is difficult to finish such a heavy task in so short a time. Take your time.
A.ThisB.That
C.WeD.It
5. It was the news__________China won 199 gold medal in 16th Asian Games__________made all of us very happy.
A.that; thatB./; which
C.that; whichD.which; that
6. It was midnight__________the team reached the center of the lonely island.
A.thatB.until
C.sinceD.before
7. —Who is making so much noise in the room next door？
—__________the children.
A.It isB.They are
C.That isD.There are
8.__________is reported in Yangtze Evening Paper that talks between the two big companies are making progress.
A.ItB.As
C.ThatD.What
9. The young man has been working for two days.__________he is tired out.
A.There is no pointB.There is no need
C.It is no wonderD.It is no way
10. In fact__________is a hard job for us to keep them informed of the changing situation all the time.
A.thisB.that
C.thereD.it
11. The expert in the large hospital thought__________would be good for you to have more rest be relaxed．
A.thisB.that
C.oneD.it
12. —Where did you get to know this young lady？
—It was in the company__________we worked.
A.thatB.which
C.whereD.there
13. —Who is outside of the door？
—I don’t know. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn’t ask who__________was．
A.heB.that
C.sheD.it
14. —Nowadays,__________is a strong competition in China for senior high students to enter an ideal university.
—I can’t agree more.
A.whichB.that
C.whatD.it
15. I kept telling my son that he should work harder, but__________didn’t help．
A.heB.which
C.whatD.it
16. Does__________matter if the profesor from Nanjing University can’t attend the conference tomorrow afternoon？
A.thisB.that
C.heD.it
17. I don’t think__________possible for your brother to pass the driving test without much practice.
A.thisB.that
C.itsD.it
18. Nowadays, more and more young people make__________a rule to buy daily goods online.
A.whichB.what
C.itD.that
19. Will you see to__________that the problem he put forward is being dealt with？
A.whichB.it
C.thisD.that
20.__________ is easy to physics, but__________is difficult to learn__________well.
A.It, it, thisB.It, this, it
C.It, it, itD.It, which, which
21. The Parkers bought a new house but__________will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A.theyB.it
C.oneD.which
22. In fact__________is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A.thisB.that
C.thereD.it
23. It is the ability to do the job__________matters not where you come from or what you are.
A.oneB.that
C.whatD.it
参考答案
1-5 BBDD
6-10 DAACD
11-15 DCDDD
16-20 DDCBC
21-23 BDB
（作者：王芳，东台市时堰中学）
1. （2011年北京卷）The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase__________ .
A.thenB.those
C.itD.that
分析：C。本题考查代词。此处it代指上文提到的the employment rate,是实指。
2. (2011年江西卷)Why don’t you bring __________ to his attention that you’re too ill to work on？
A.thatB.it
C.hisD.him
分析：B。本题考查代词。此处it是形式宾语,指代后面的That从句。
3. (2011年山东卷)The two girls are so alike that stranger find__________difficult to tell one from the other．
A.itB.them
C.herD.that
分析：A。本题考查代词。此处it是形式宾语,指代后面的不定式短语。
【考点解析】
一、 代词it的基本用法
1. 指环境情况(天气,时间,距离,度量衡等)
1) It’s nine o’clock now. 现在九点整了。
2) It was very noisy at the moment. 当时很吵闹。
3) It’s twenty minutes’ walk from my home to school. 从我家到学校要步行二十分钟。
2. 代替前面(或后面)的单数名词或分词或分句等所表示的事物
1) Although we can not see it, there is air all around us. (it 指代后文的air). 虽然我们看不见,空气就在我们周围。
2) You may borrow any book in the library and you can keep it for seven days. (it 指代前文的book). 你可以到图书馆借任何书,而且你可以保存七天。
3) They said they had finished the work, but I can’t believe it. (it指代前一分句)。他们说已经完成了工作,但是我无法相信。
3. 作形式主语或宾语
为使句子平衡,非谓语动词或从句作主语或宾语时,通常用it作形式主语或宾语,而将真正的主语或宾语置于句末。
1) It is not easy to finish the work in two days. 两天内完成这项工作是不容易的。
2) It isn’t a shame that they lost the game？ 他们比赛失败难道不丢人吗？
3)They found it difficult to finish the task before dark. 他们发现黄昏前完成任务是很困难的。
4. 代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)
When a baby is crying, it may be hungry. (it指代baby). 婴儿哭的时候,她可能饿了。
5. 在某些习惯说法中it 可指代人(但必须说话者双方都知道是somebody)
—Someone is knocking at the door？ 有人在敲门吗？
—Really？ Who is it？ 真的？是谁呢？
—It must be Dr. Johnson. 准是约翰逊医生。
6. 作强调词,构成强调结构。It 用以帮助改变句子结构,使句子的某一成分受到强调。形成“It is(was )+所强调的成分(主语,宾语,状语)+that(或who, whom)+其它成分”。在这个句型中,it 本身没有词意。
1 ) It is Professor Li that teaches us English.(强调主语)是李教授教我们的英语。
2) It is Professor Li that/who I saw in the street.(强调宾语) 我在街上看到的是李教授。
3) It was in the street that I saw the Professor Li. (强调地点状语) 我是在街上看到李教授的。
7. 用在一些固定句型或搭配中,it没有实在意义,但不可省略
1) Does it mater if he can’t attend our party？ 他不能参加我们的聚会要紧吗？
2) I don’t like it that you came late this morning. 你今天早上来迟了,我不喜欢。
二、 在学习代词it 的用法时要搞好它和one,that两个代词的区别：
英语中,这三个词常用来代替上文已经出现过的内容。
1. one作为替代词,可以指代上文提到的人或物。前面常有冠词, 指示代词或形容词修饰。它的复数形式为ones。如：
My recorder doesn’t work. I want to buy a new one. 我的收录机坏了,我想要买一只新的。
This dictionary is more expensive than that one. 这一本词典比那一本要贵得多。
This umbrella is much better than the ones they have bought. 这把雨伞要比他们买的那些好得多。
注意：one只能指代可数名词,如下面的一道易错选择题：
This bread is better than__________ ．
A.this oneB.that one
C.big oneD.that
分析：该题中bread为不可数名词, 所以不能用one 来替代,从而正确答案只能是D。
2. it代替上文中提到的某种确定的名词,或代替上文中的this或that。 如：
What’s this？ It’s a pen. 这是什么？ 这是一支钢笔。
I have lost my watch. I’m looking for it. 我的手表丢了,我正在找它。
注意区别： I have lost my watch since last month. I want to buy a new one. 从上个月我的手表就丢了,我要买一只新的。
由后面的两个句子,我们可以看出, it 指代特指的对象, one指代泛指的对象。
3. that 指代上文提到的内容, 通常与后置定语连用，复数形式为those。 如：
The weather in Nanjing is hotter than that in Beijing. 南京的天气比北京的热。
The apples are bigger that those from Hebei Province. 这些苹果要比河北省来的那些大。
Few pleasures can equal__________of a cool drink on a hot day．
A.someB.any
C.thatD.those
分析：C。这里that指代上文提到的pleasure。题干意思为：很少有乐趣能等同于热天吃冷饮的乐趣。
●巩
●固
●练
●习
1. The chairman thought__________necessary to invite President Obama to speak in our university
A.thatB.it
C.thisD.him
2. I’d appreciate__________if you would like to take my son to watch the opening ceremony of Guangzhou 2010 Asian Games.
A.thatB.it
C.thisD.you
3. I was disappointed with the concert last night. I had expected__________to be much better.
A.thatB.this
C.oneD.it
4.__________is difficult to finish such a heavy task in so short a time. Take your time.
A.ThisB.That
C.WeD.It
5. It was the news__________China won 199 gold medal in 16th Asian Games__________made all of us very happy.
A.that; thatB./; which
C.that; whichD.which; that
6. It was midnight__________the team reached the center of the lonely island.
A.thatB.until
C.sinceD.before
7. —Who is making so much noise in the room next door？
—__________the children.
A.It isB.They are
C.That isD.There are
8.__________is reported in Yangtze Evening Paper that talks between the two big companies are making progress.
A.ItB.As
C.ThatD.What
9. The young man has been working for two days.__________he is tired out.
A.There is no pointB.There is no need
C.It is no wonderD.It is no way
10. In fact__________is a hard job for us to keep them informed of the changing situation all the time.
A.thisB.that
C.thereD.it
11. The expert in the large hospital thought__________would be good for you to have more rest be relaxed．
A.thisB.that
C.oneD.it
12. —Where did you get to know this young lady？
—It was in the company__________we worked.
A.thatB.which
C.whereD.there
13. —Who is outside of the door？
—I don’t know. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn’t ask who__________was．
A.heB.that
C.sheD.it
14. —Nowadays,__________is a strong competition in China for senior high students to enter an ideal university.
—I can’t agree more.
A.whichB.that
C.whatD.it
15. I kept telling my son that he should work harder, but__________didn’t help．
A.heB.which
C.whatD.it
16. Does__________matter if the profesor from Nanjing University can’t attend the conference tomorrow afternoon？
A.thisB.that
C.heD.it
17. I don’t think__________possible for your brother to pass the driving test without much practice.
A.thisB.that
C.itsD.it
18. Nowadays, more and more young people make__________a rule to buy daily goods online.
A.whichB.what
C.itD.that
19. Will you see to__________that the problem he put forward is being dealt with？
A.whichB.it
C.thisD.that
20.__________ is easy to physics, but__________is difficult to learn__________well.
A.It, it, thisB.It, this, it
C.It, it, itD.It, which, which
21. The Parkers bought a new house but__________will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A.theyB.it
C.oneD.which
22. In fact__________is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A.thisB.that
C.thereD.it
23. It is the ability to do the job__________matters not where you come from or what you are.
A.oneB.that
C.whatD.it
参考答案
1-5 BBDD
6-10 DAACD
11-15 DCDDD
16-20 DDCBC
21-23 BDB
（作者：王芳，东台市时堰中学）