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目的了解汶川地震后,外援防疫队采取的综合性卫生防疫措施对于控制灾区传染病流行、提高灾区居民的卫生防病意识的效果。方法选择四川省什邡市湔氐镇的5个自然村,共3106户,9644人,进行防疫措施干预前后2次调查,评估干预效果。结果5个自然村受伤152人、死亡59人,房屋损毁率99.84%。95.30%居民居住简易帐篷。仅有0.52%的居民近期出现发热、腹泻、眼病疾患;87.02%的居民饮水及96.88%的居民食品靠政府提供;96.36%的居民户接受了震后卫生防疫知识健康教育。结论当地未发生传染病的流行,灾后及时采取的健康教育、环境消毒、集中发放饮用水、遇难者尸体处理等综合卫生防疫等措施效果明显。
Objective To understand the effect of the comprehensive sanitation and epidemic prevention measures taken by the foreign aid and epidemic prevention teams after the Wenchuan earthquake on controlling the epidemic of the disaster-stricken areas and raising the awareness of the residents in the disaster-stricken areas on hygiene and disease prevention. Methods A total of 3106 households and 9644 people were selected from 5 natural villages in Langya Town, Shifang City, Sichuan Province. Two surveys were conducted before and after the intervention of epidemic prevention measures to evaluate the intervention effects. As a result, there were 152 injuries and 59 deaths in 5 natural villages, and the destruction rate of houses was 99.84%. 95.30% of residents live in simple tents. Only 0.52% of the residents had fever, diarrhea, and eye diseases recently; 87.02% of the residents had drinking water and 96.88% of the residents’ food was provided by the government; 96.36% of the residents had received health education after the earthquake. Conclusion The epidemic of infectious diseases did not occur in the local area, and the comprehensive health and epidemic prevention measures such as health education, environmental disinfection, centralized distribution of drinking water, and disposal of victims’ corpses were effective after the disaster.