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老舍同志的《济南的冬天》已收入一九八二年秋季使用的初中语文第一册,和朱自清先生的《春》、峻青同志的《海滨仲夏夜》、杨朔同志的《香山红叶》合成一个单元,恰好是各写一个地区的一个季节。构思各不相同,可以说是各篇都是匠心独运。散文的构思总是与作者的观察相关,又由他笔下的记叙(还有写景、抒情等等)体现出来;以老舍同志的这篇散文而言,他客居济南几年,观察到它的冬天有特别的可爱的地方,于是就把这些观察所得,熔铸起来,形诸笔墨。他所观察到的济南之冬,其独特处在于温、晴,在记叙中他首先记述了这个总的印象,然后从不同的角度来记叙它的温、晴,记叙的笔墨,突出的是:以比较来显示它的温、睛,用比喻来体现它的温、晴。教学本文,似乎就应当抓住它的济南之冬有温晴天气这一散文线索,沿着它的先总写,后分叙的记叙过程,引导学生阅读、欣赏,培养学生观察、记叙能力。
Comrade Laoshe’s “Winter in Jinan” has already included the first volume of junior high school Chinese used in the fall of 1982, and Mr. Zhu Ziqing’s “Spring”, Comrade Jun Qing’s “Seaside Midsummer Night”, and Comrade Yang Lan’s “Fragrant Mountain”. Synthesizing a unit happens to be a season of writing each area. The concept is different, it can be said that each article is ingenious. The idea of prose is always related to the author’s observations. It is also reflected in his narrative (as well as scenes, lyrics, etc.). Comrade Lao She’s essay shows that he spent several years in Jinan and observed its winter. There are special and lovely places, so these observations are made and melted and shaped. The unique winter and winter weather in Jinan that he observed was unique in his narrative. He first described this general impression, and then described it from different perspectives. Compare it to show its warmth and eye, use metaphors to reflect its warm and sunny. In teaching this article, it seems that we should seize this prose clue of Wen Tian Qi Qi in the winter of Jinan, follow it in the process of writing first and then telling the narrative, guiding students to read and appreciate, and cultivate students’ ability to observe and record.