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在黄土高原半干旱雨养条件下,研究了不同覆盖方式(夏季覆膜,T1;秋季覆膜,T2;小麦碎秆覆盖,T3;小麦整秆覆盖,T4;夏季覆膜+麦秆还田,T5;旧膜二茬利用,T6;无覆盖对照,CK)对旱地冬小麦土壤水分的影响.结果表明:T6在各时期、各土层土壤含水量普遍高于CK,其他5个覆盖处理可明显改善开花前0~90 cm土壤墒情,但开花后0~90 cm土层以及全生育期90~200 cm土层含水量普遍低于CK.全生育期0~200 cm土层平均含水量T6显著高于CK,两者差值为0.9%,其余处理均低于CK.0~200 cm土层平均含水量秸秆覆盖处理高于覆膜处理,旧膜二茬利用高于新覆膜.覆膜处理单位面积籽粒产量较CK提高20.3%~29.0%,秸秆覆盖处理较CK提高5.0%~16.7%,冬小麦产量与生育期耗水量呈显著正相关(r=0.77*).
Under the conditions of semi-arid rainfed condition in the Loess Plateau, the effects of different covering methods (summer lamination, T1; autumn lamination, T2; wheat straw mulching, T3; wheat straw mulch, T4; summer mulching + , T5; the use of old cropping two crops, T6; no covering control, CK) on the soil moisture of winter wheat in dryland. The results showed that the soil moisture of each soil layer was generally higher than that of CK and the other five treatments The soil moisture at 0 ~ 90 cm before flowering was significantly improved, but the water content at 0 ~ 90 cm soil layer after flowering and at 90 ~ 200 cm soil layer during the whole growth period were generally lower than CK.The mean water content of 0 ~ 200 cm layer during the whole growth period was T6 Significantly higher than the CK, the difference between the two was 0.9%, and the remaining treatments were lower than the average water content of CK 0 ~ 200 cm soil cover straw mulching treatment was higher than the film treatment, the old film two crop utilization is higher than the new film The grain yield per unit area increased by 20.3% -29.0% and the straw mulching treatment increased by 5.0% -16.7% compared with CK. The winter wheat yield was positively correlated with the water consumption during the growth period (r = 0.77 *).