探讨如何在航天运输系统的研制中提高成本效率。首先对国外航天领域的最新动态进行了总结,得出迅速、经济和可靠地进入空间的能力比以往任何时刻都要重要。随后从设计、制造、运行和管理4个层面对影响成本的因素进行了分析,对自主在线轨迹规划、媒体现实技术应用于制造、快速响应地面系统、风险控制以及产品成熟度管理等方面的成果进行了说明;并重点就任务分级管理、元器件选用控制、建模与仿真等控制成本的措施进行了讨论,详细介绍了国外航天机构在D级任务实施、COTS器件应用、发动机仿真试验以及利用实际在轨数据验证与修订模型参数等取得的经验。此后,根据中国运载火箭的实际情况,针对电气系统提出了降低产品成本、降低发射服务成本、降低开发成本这3个方面的可行措施。对电气系统而言,选用适当而非最高质量等级的器件,采用冗余设计,进行充分的地面系统级筛选试验,用不同的型号针对细分的不同用户,同一型号也设计不同的配置,将是长征运载火箭既保证可靠性、又提高成本效率的最有效途径。 Discuss how to improve cost efficiency in the development of space transportation system. First of all, the latest developments in the field of aerospace abroad are summarized and the ability to enter space rapidly, economically and reliably is more important than ever. Subsequently, the factors influencing cost were analyzed from the aspects of design, manufacture, operation and management. The results of autonomous online trajectory planning, application of media reality technology in manufacturing, rapid response ground system, risk control and product maturity management The main points of this paper are the measures to control the cost, such as task classification management, component selection control, modeling and simulation, and so on. The implementation of D-level mission, COTS device application, engine simulation test and utilization of foreign aerospace institutions are introduced in detail. Actual in-orbit data validation and revision of model parameters gained experience. Since then, according to the actual situation of China’s launch vehicles, proposed for the electrical system to reduce product costs, reduce launch service costs and reduce development costs of these three feasible measures. For electrical systems, select the appropriate rather than the highest level of quality of the device, the use of redundant design, full ground system-level screening test, with different models for different subdivision users, the same model also designed different configurations will be It is the most effective way for the long march launch vehicle to ensure both reliability and cost efficiency.