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作为佛教发展和传播的载体,石窟艺术起源于印度,最初是为了满足僧人禅观修行和开展宗教活动需要,后随着信仰受众的多样化,逐步演变为僧俗合一的佛教艺术表现形式。中国石窟的开凿始于3世纪前后,其中以5~8世纪为最盛,南北朝和唐代是这其中的两个高峰阶段,由唐至盛而衰,南宋已近尾声。佛教石窟的主流艺术从印度西北、经中亚,沿丝绸之路传人中原,留下了丰富多彩的石窟遗产。河南的佛教开窟造像始自北魏,尤其是自北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳以后,极大地促进了石窟艺术的发展。据统
As the carrier of Buddhism’s development and dissemination, the origins of the grottoes originated in India. Originally, they were designed to meet the Buddhist monks’ meditation and religious activities. With the diversification of religious audiences, they gradually evolved into monastic Buddhist monasticism. The excavation of Chinese grottoes began around the 3rd century ago, with the fifth and eighth centuries being the most vigorous. Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty were two of these peak periods, with the decline from Tang to Sheng and the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. The mainstream art of Buddhist grottoes from northwestern India, Central Asia, along the Silk Road to the Central Plains, leaving a rich heritage of grottoes. Buddhist statues in Henan Province originated from the Northern Wei Dynasty, especially since the Northern Wei Emperor Xiaowen moved to Luoyang, which greatly promoted the development of the art of grottoes. According to the system