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背景:虽然前脚掌着地和后脚跟着地跑步者的动力学特性、力学加载速率和关节负荷模式不同,但关于其肌肉激活模式时机的研究还不够清晰。方法:选取40名业余和专业跑步者分别以赤脚和穿鞋状态以4种速度在电动跑步机上跑步。其中赤脚跑步者仅穿薄的五趾袜,而穿鞋跑步者则穿轻便鞋。受试者可根据个人舒适程度自主调节速度,对其脚着地模式也无任何要求。结果:在赤脚和穿鞋情况下,各有11名受试者用前脚掌和后脚跟着地。另外18名受试者赤脚时用前脚掌着地,穿鞋时则用后脚跟着地,他们穿鞋时与其他受试者相比步频较低、步长较大。与后脚跟着地受试者相比,所有前脚掌着地受试者的起跑动作中脚踝跖屈和小腿垂直现象较多,而且跖屈肌群激活时间早11%、持续时间长10%。结论:跖屈肌群激活较早、持续时间较长可能提高脚和踝关节的拮抗能力以储存弹性势能,并且可能通过增加储存在横桥和肌联蛋白的弹性势能来加强激活肌群的表现。
Background: Although the dynamic characteristics of the runner at the front foot and the heel to the heel, the rate of mechanical loading and the mode of joint load are different, the timing of muscle activation is not clear enough. Methods: Forty amateur and professional runners were selected to run on an electric treadmill at 4 speeds with bare feet and shoes. Among them, barefoot runners wear thin toe socks while those who wear shoes run wear light-weight shoes. Subjects according to personal comfort level to adjust their own speed, the mode of their feet without any requirements. Results: With barefoot and shoes, each of the 11 subjects followed the forefoot and heel of the heel. In addition, 18 subjects walked on the ground with their forefoot on their bare feet, and on the heels of their heels when wearing shoes. When they were wearing shoes, the pace was lower and the step length was larger than the other subjects. Ankle plantar flexion and lower leg vertical were more frequent in all antebellum participants compared to posterior heel subjects, and plantar flexor muscle group activation was 11% earlier and duration 10% longer. CONCLUSIONS: Plantar flexor muscle groups are activated earlier and longer durations may increase the antagonistic ability of the foot and ankle joints to store elastic potential energy and may enhance the performance of activated muscle groups by increasing the elastic potential energy stored across the transverse bridge and the myosin .