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引言: 疟疾是由4种疟原虫(即恶性疟、间日疟、卵性疟和三日疟原虫)中的一种或多种感染人类引起的疾病,通过感染的雌性按蚊叮咬传播。疟疾感染仍然是全球严重的公共卫生问题,每年发生的病例估计为3亿至5亿。疟疾传播地区居住的人口占全球的41％(包括非洲、亚洲、中东、中南美洲、伊斯帕尼奥拉岛以及大洋洲),每年死于疟疾的人群70万-270万,其中75％为非洲儿童。以往疟疾在整个美国大陆呈地方性流行,估计1914年发生了60万病例。
Introduction: Malaria is a disease caused by one or more of the four Plasmodium species (ie, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae) that infect humans and is transmitted through an infected female Anopheles bite. Malaria infection remains a serious public health problem worldwide, with an estimated annual incidence of 300 million to 500 million cases. The malaria-transmitting area is home to 41% of the world’s population (including Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Central and South America, Hispaniola and Oceania), with 700,000 to 270,000 people dying each year from malaria, 75% of whom are from Africa child. In the past, malaria was endemic throughout the continental United States and an estimated 600,000 cases occurred in 1914.