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在英语中有很多简单的词用途却很广泛，it就是个很好的例子。现就以下五个方面谈谈it的用法。
1. 代词
主要分为以下三个方面：
用作人称代词：指代心目中或上文提到的人或事物，包括无生命物、动物、植物、不明性别的人或婴孩。如：
My pen is missing. I can’t find it anywhere. （指pen）
Jim is ill. Have you heard of it？ （指Jim is ill这个消息）
—Where is the cat？
—It’s in the garden. （指cat）
There is a person knocking at the door. Who can it be？ （指a person）
The Greens have a new baby. It’s lovely. （指baby）
用作指示代词，用于替代this或that。如：
—What’s this in English？
—It’s a computer.
用作非人称代词：指时间、距离、自然现象（天气、气候、季节、温度、明暗）、环境、量度、价值等。如：
It was nearly midnight when she came back. （指时间）
How far is it to the Great Wall？ （指距离）
If it is convenient to you， I am going to visit you. （指环境）
2. 引导词it
作引导词主要是用作形式主语和形式宾语，此种用法下的it无具体的含义，作用只是保持句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻。
作形式主语，代替不定式/动名词/从句。如：
It’s important to keep a balanced diet. （代替不定式）
It’ s no use crying over spilt milk. （代替动名词，此种情况的常用句式为：it’s no use/no good/ useless/worthwhile/enjoyable/a waste/fun doing ...）
It’s well-known that Taiwan belongs to China. （代替从句）
作形式宾语，主要用于下列情形：
①作某些动词（如make， think， believe， find， consider， feel， suppose等）的宾语，结构为：动词+it+形容词或名词+（for sb）+to do/that从句。
I consider it a great honor to be invited to dinner.
We thought it important that we should keep calm in trouble.
He makes it a rule that he gets up before dawn.
②某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的动词（如like， enjoy， love， hate， appreciate等）往往用it作形式宾语，再跟上if/when等引导的宾语从句。如：
I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.
I hate it when I’ve made so many mistakes.
③that引导的宾语从句在某些短语（如depend/ rely on， see to， insist on， answer for， ask for， feel like等）如：
You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
④在由及物动词与介词构成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语，需借用it作形式宾语（常用句型owe it to sb that...， leave it to sb that...， take it for granted that... 等），如：
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.
3. it用于强调句型
可用强调句中的主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语，结构为It is/was+强调物+ that ...； It is/was+强调人+that/who（主语）/whom（宾语） ...。如：
It is I that/who am to blame.
It was an old friend that/whom he met in the park yesterday.
It was three books that he read in the library last week.
It was in the street that （不用where） I saw him just now.
It was just now that （不用when） I saw him in the street.
需要注意：
①强调句型的一般疑问句为is/was it+强调部分+that ...。如：
Was it ten years ago that he went to Beijing？
②特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+is/was it that ...。如：
When was it that China sent naval ships to protect ships against pirates？ ③用于名词性从句结构：特殊疑问词+it is/was that ...。如：
I don’t know who it was that you wanted to see.
④not ... until用于强调句型，结构：It is/was not until ... that ...。如：
It was not until yesterday that I knew the news.
4. 含有it的句型
含it的句型有很多，现列举一些高中阶段常用到的：
It takes/took sb time/money to do ...
It （so） happens（ed） that ...
It seems（ed）/appears（ed） （to sb） that/as if ...
It looks as if ...
It does’t matter that/if/whether ...
It occurred to sb/hit/struck sb that ...
It is certain/obvious/clear/apparent that ...
It’s said/reported/believed/thought/announced/acknowledged/well-known/accepted/hoped that ...
It’s necessary/important/strange that ...
It was/took+time+before ...
It will be/took+time+before
It is/has been+some time+since ... 从句用一般过去时
It is （high/about） time that ... 从句中用should+do或一般过去时
It is kind/considerate of you to do ...
It is the first time that ... 从句用现在完成时
It is a pity/an honor to do/that ...
It is likely that ...
5. 用于固定短语或句型
believe it or not
make it
got it
catch it
I can/can’t help it
as it is/was
练习
1. The chairman thought_____necessary to invite Mr Obama to visit Beijing.
A. that B. it
C. this D. him
2. If I can help ， I don’t like working late into the night.
A. so B. that
C. it D. them
3. I like_____in autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B. that
C. it D. One
4. My mother often tells us “It is not who is right but what is right_____is of importance”.
A. which B. this
C. it D. That
5. I want to explain_____that prevented me doing it on time.
A. what it was B. what was it
C. why it was D. why was it
6.__________she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. （until）
直到她摘掉墨镜我才意识到她是个著名的影星。
7._____ he came to life again. （it）
没过多久他就再次苏醒。
8. It is the second time that_____. （visit）
这是他第二次访问中国。
9. It is strange that_____. （make）
真奇怪，他竟然再次犯了同样的错误。
10. It has been ten years_____. （join）
他参军已经十年了。
参考答案
1～5 BCCDA
6. It was not until
7. It wasn’t long before
8. he has visited China
9. he should make the same mistake again
10. since he joined the army
1. 代词
主要分为以下三个方面：
用作人称代词：指代心目中或上文提到的人或事物，包括无生命物、动物、植物、不明性别的人或婴孩。如：
My pen is missing. I can’t find it anywhere. （指pen）
Jim is ill. Have you heard of it？ （指Jim is ill这个消息）
—Where is the cat？
—It’s in the garden. （指cat）
There is a person knocking at the door. Who can it be？ （指a person）
The Greens have a new baby. It’s lovely. （指baby）
用作指示代词，用于替代this或that。如：
—What’s this in English？
—It’s a computer.
用作非人称代词：指时间、距离、自然现象（天气、气候、季节、温度、明暗）、环境、量度、价值等。如：
It was nearly midnight when she came back. （指时间）
How far is it to the Great Wall？ （指距离）
If it is convenient to you， I am going to visit you. （指环境）
2. 引导词it
作引导词主要是用作形式主语和形式宾语，此种用法下的it无具体的含义，作用只是保持句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻。
作形式主语，代替不定式/动名词/从句。如：
It’s important to keep a balanced diet. （代替不定式）
It’ s no use crying over spilt milk. （代替动名词，此种情况的常用句式为：it’s no use/no good/ useless/worthwhile/enjoyable/a waste/fun doing ...）
It’s well-known that Taiwan belongs to China. （代替从句）
作形式宾语，主要用于下列情形：
①作某些动词（如make， think， believe， find， consider， feel， suppose等）的宾语，结构为：动词+it+形容词或名词+（for sb）+to do/that从句。
I consider it a great honor to be invited to dinner.
We thought it important that we should keep calm in trouble.
He makes it a rule that he gets up before dawn.
②某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的动词（如like， enjoy， love， hate， appreciate等）往往用it作形式宾语，再跟上if/when等引导的宾语从句。如：
I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.
I hate it when I’ve made so many mistakes.
③that引导的宾语从句在某些短语（如depend/ rely on， see to， insist on， answer for， ask for， feel like等）如：
You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
④在由及物动词与介词构成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语，需借用it作形式宾语（常用句型owe it to sb that...， leave it to sb that...， take it for granted that... 等），如：
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.
3. it用于强调句型
可用强调句中的主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语，结构为It is/was+强调物+ that ...； It is/was+强调人+that/who（主语）/whom（宾语） ...。如：
It is I that/who am to blame.
It was an old friend that/whom he met in the park yesterday.
It was three books that he read in the library last week.
It was in the street that （不用where） I saw him just now.
It was just now that （不用when） I saw him in the street.
需要注意：
①强调句型的一般疑问句为is/was it+强调部分+that ...。如：
Was it ten years ago that he went to Beijing？
②特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+is/was it that ...。如：
When was it that China sent naval ships to protect ships against pirates？ ③用于名词性从句结构：特殊疑问词+it is/was that ...。如：
I don’t know who it was that you wanted to see.
④not ... until用于强调句型，结构：It is/was not until ... that ...。如：
It was not until yesterday that I knew the news.
4. 含有it的句型
含it的句型有很多，现列举一些高中阶段常用到的：
It takes/took sb time/money to do ...
It （so） happens（ed） that ...
It seems（ed）/appears（ed） （to sb） that/as if ...
It looks as if ...
It does’t matter that/if/whether ...
It occurred to sb/hit/struck sb that ...
It is certain/obvious/clear/apparent that ...
It’s said/reported/believed/thought/announced/acknowledged/well-known/accepted/hoped that ...
It’s necessary/important/strange that ...
It was/took+time+before ...
It will be/took+time+before
It is/has been+some time+since ... 从句用一般过去时
It is （high/about） time that ... 从句中用should+do或一般过去时
It is kind/considerate of you to do ...
It is the first time that ... 从句用现在完成时
It is a pity/an honor to do/that ...
It is likely that ...
5. 用于固定短语或句型
believe it or not
make it
got it
catch it
I can/can’t help it
as it is/was
练习
1. The chairman thought_____necessary to invite Mr Obama to visit Beijing.
A. that B. it
C. this D. him
2. If I can help ， I don’t like working late into the night.
A. so B. that
C. it D. them
3. I like_____in autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B. that
C. it D. One
4. My mother often tells us “It is not who is right but what is right_____is of importance”.
A. which B. this
C. it D. That
5. I want to explain_____that prevented me doing it on time.
A. what it was B. what was it
C. why it was D. why was it
6.__________she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. （until）
直到她摘掉墨镜我才意识到她是个著名的影星。
7._____ he came to life again. （it）
没过多久他就再次苏醒。
8. It is the second time that_____. （visit）
这是他第二次访问中国。
9. It is strange that_____. （make）
真奇怪，他竟然再次犯了同样的错误。
10. It has been ten years_____. （join）
他参军已经十年了。
参考答案
1～5 BCCDA
6. It was not until
7. It wasn’t long before
8. he has visited China
9. he should make the same mistake again
10. since he joined the army