1861年元月,清朝成立总理各国事务衙门,专门负责洋务事宜。洋务运动是以创办机器大工业为主要内容的一场“自强”和“求富”的运动,是中国近代化的里程碑,也是19世纪世界经济近代化潮流的一个组成部分,然而它最终没能使中国走上富强的道路。1868年起,与中国一衣带水的日本,兴起 In January 1861, the Qing Dynasty established the Yamen of the Prime Minister for various countries and specialized in the affairs of the Westernization. The “Westernization Movement” is a “self-improvement” and “pursuit of wealth” movement with the establishment of machinery industry as the main content. It is a milestone of China’s modernization and an integral part of the modernization of the world economy in the 19th century. However, it eventually failed Make China onto a prosperous road. Since 1868 Japan, a strip of water with China, has risen