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目的:通过对不同海拔地区藏汉族老年人进行健康调查,进一步了解高原地区老年人血压变化的特点及影响因素。方法:采用随机抽样的方法,对青海省玉树县(平均海拔3 700m)、海晏县(平均海拔3 000m以上)两地区506例60岁～87岁世居藏族及移居汉族的血压进行健康调查。结果:①玉树县老年人高血压的患病率显著高于海晏县,收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及体质指数(BMI)显著高于海晏县老年人,P<0.05;玉树县藏族老年人高血压的患病率显著高于海晏县藏族,同时SBP、DBP及BMI均显著高于海晏县藏族,均P<0.05;②海晏县汉族老年人高血压的患病率显著高于海晏县藏族,同时汉族SBP、DBP均显著高于藏族,均P<0.05;③高原地区老年人高血压患病率为50.6%,男、女患病率无明显差异;高血压组的BMI、脉率(HR)及血红蛋白(Hb)显著高于血压正常组,血氧饱和度(SpO2)低于血压正常组,P<0.05。结论:高原地区老年人高血压的患病率高于海拔较低的地区,汉族高血压的患病率高于藏族;高原低氧、低温环境是高原地区老年人血压增高的重要影响因素,移居汉族、超重及牧区镇城居民更易患高血压病。
Objective: To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of blood pressure changes among the elderly in plateau area through the health survey of the Tibetan and Han nationality elders in different altitude areas. Methods: A random sample was used to survey the blood pressure of 506 Tibetans living in the age group of 60 to 87 years and the immigrant Han nationality in Yushu county of Qinghai province (mean elevation of 3 700m) and Haiyan county (average elevation of 3000m) . Results: (1) The prevalence of hypertension in the elderly in Yushu County was significantly higher than that in Haiyan County. SBP, DBP and BMI were significantly higher than those in Haiyan (P <0.05); Yushu The prevalence of hypertension in Tibetan elderly was significantly higher than that in Haiyan county, SBP, DBP and BMI were significantly higher than those in Haiyan county, both P <0.05. ②The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in Han elderly in Haiyan county The mean SBP and DBP of Han were significantly higher than that of Tibetan (P <0.05). The prevalence of hypertension in the elderly was 50.6% in the plateau area. There was no significant difference between the male and the female prevalence rates. The BMI , Pulse rate (HR) and hemoglobin (Hb) were significantly higher than those of normotensive group, and the blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) was lower than that of normotensive group (P <0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in the elderly is higher in the plateau than in the lower elevations. The prevalence of hypertension in the Han is higher than that in the Tibetan. The hypoxia and hypothermia in the plateau are the important influencing factors of hypertension in the elderly in the plateau, Han, overweight and pastoral town residents are more susceptible to hypertension.