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黄河下游河道的淤积状况主要取决于来水来沙条件。从长期看,年淤积量时多时少,呈周期性的变化。多年平均年淤积量约3亿吨。影响黄河下游河道沿程冲淤分布的主要因素除来水来沙条件外,还受到前期河床演变状况和三门峡水库调水调沙控制运用方式及河口条件的影响。1950年以来经过淤积——冲刷——淤积三个时期的调整,夹河滩以上及艾山以下淤积较少,淤积集中在夹河滩至艾山河段。淤积的横向分布与漫滩洪水出现的机遇、持续时间长短,滩区生产堤状况有关。1950至1983年下游滩地淤积约50亿吨,占总淤积量的百分之七十,但淤积分布不均匀,生产堤外淤积厚度大,生产堤内淤积厚度小,堤根甚至没有淤高,加大了滩面横比降,局部河段甚至形成了“悬河”中的“悬河”。选用五十年代实测系列年,考虑龙羊峡、刘家峡、三门峡等水库的调节作用,1990年水平,1984～1995年12年平均黄河下游年来水量388亿立米,年来沙量16.1亿吨。综合实测资料分析与计算成果,1984～1995年,黄河下游的年淤积量将达4亿吨左右;大部分泥沙仍将集中淤积在夹河滩至艾山河段,山东艾山至利津河段也将有较多的淤积。
The siltation of the lower reaches of the Yellow River mainly depends on the water and sand conditions. In the long run, the amount of sediment accumulated in a long period of time is less and more cyclical. Years of average annual sediment accumulation of about 300 million tons. The main factors affecting the distribution of scour and silting along the course of the Lower Yellow River are affected by the conditions of incoming and outgoing water and sediment, the evolution of the riverbed in the early stage, the control and application of water and sediment control and the estuarine conditions of the Sanmenxia Reservoir. Since 1950, sedimentation-scouring-silting has been adjusted in three periods, with less deposition below Jiahe Beach and Ai Mountain, with siltation mainly concentrated in Jiahetan to Yishan sections. The horizontal distribution of siltation is related to the opportunities presented by floodplain floods, the duration of the floodplain, and the status of the bank for the production of dikes. From 1950 to 1983, about 5 billion tons of sediments were deposited on the beaches downstream, accounting for 70% of the total siltation. However, the siltation was unevenly distributed, the thickness of sediments outside the embankment was large, the siltation thickness in the embankments was small, The surface of the beach is decreasing, and some rivers even form the “hanging river” in “hanging river”. In the fifties survey series, consider the regulation of Longyangxia, Liujiaxia, Sanmenxia and other reservoirs. In 1990 level, from 1984 to 1995, the annual average amount of water in the lower reaches of the Yellow River reached 38.8 billion cubic meters, with an annual sediment volume of 1.61 billion tons. Based on the analysis and calculation results of the measured data, from 1984 to 1995, the sedimentation volume in the lower reaches of the Yellow River will reach about 400 million tons; most of the sediment will still be concentrated in the Jiahetan to Yishan River sections, and from the Yi Shan to Lijin River sections in Shandong There will be more siltation.