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血小板生成素（ＴＰＯ）又称巨核细胞生长发育因子（ＭＧＤＦ）或Ｃ－ｍｐＬ配体（ＭＬ）。它由３３２个氨基酸组成，主要由肝脏产生。ＴＰＯ与巨核细胞系表面的细胞膜受体结合后，激活了细胞内的信号传导系统。Ｊａｋ２，Ｓｈｃ，Ｇｒｂ２，Ｓｔａｔ３，Ｓｔａｔ５等信号分子参与了ＴＰＯ作用下的信号传导过程。巨核细胞的数量比循环中的血小板数更决定体内ＴＰＯ的水平。ＴＰＯ在巨核细胞的增殖分化过程中具有关键作用，是血小板生成的最重要调节因子，同时与其它多能的细胞因子协同促进造血干细胞增殖分化为红系和粒系祖细胞
Thrombopoietin (TPO), also known as megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) or C-mpL ligand (ML). It consists of 332 amino acids, mainly produced by the liver. Upon binding to the cell membrane receptors on the surface of megakaryocytic cells, TPO activates intracellular signaling systems. Signaling molecules such as Jak2, Shc, Grb2, Stat3 and Stat5 are involved in the signal transduction under the action of TPO. The number of megakaryocytes more determines the level of TPO in vivo than the number of circulating platelets. TPO plays a key role in the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes and is the most important regulatory factor of platelet production. Synergistic stimulation with other pluripotent cytokines can promote the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into erythroid and myeloid progenitor cells