一、参照群体类型分析参照群体,指的是个人特别向往并接受其规范,成为自己言行参照系的群体。有时特指某种现象,又可称为参照现象。每个人总是归属于一个或几个正式群体,其中有的成为参照群体,有的则不然。现在,一些学生的参照群体取向,往往违背教育者当初的意图。有的在社会化过程的某一阶段接受正式群体的行为规范,而在另一阶段产生了别的选择意向;有的同时接受正式群体和其它群体的行为规范,“制度化”行为和“非制度化”行为交替并 First, refer to the type of group Analysis of reference groups, refers to the individual is particularly yearning for and accept their norms, as their own words and deeds of the group. Sometimes refers to a phenomenon, but also can be called a reference phenomenon. Everyone always belongs to one or more formal groups, some of which become reference groups, while others do not. Nowadays, some students’ reference groups tend to violate the original intention of educators. Some people accept the formal norms of conduct of the group at a certain stage of the socialization process, and have other choices of intention in another stage. Some accept the norms of the formal groups and other groups at the same time, and the “institutionalized” behaviors and the “non- Institutionalized ”alternative behavior