近年来,直肠癌的治疗策略发生了很大变化,多学科的参与使直肠癌的疗效得到极大提高。其中同步放化疗理念的提出、术后同步放化疗转向术前同步放化疗,使更多的病人提高了局部控制率、避免放化疗的不良反应,同时可使一部分保留肛门无望的病人有保留正常器官的可能。因而可手术切除直肠癌的术前同步放化疗目前是标准治疗,是值得广泛推广应用的一项治疗手段。 In recent years, the treatment strategy of rectal cancer has undergone great changes, multi-disciplinary participation so that the efficacy of rectal cancer has been greatly improved. In which the concept of concurrent chemoradiation, postoperative concurrent chemoradiation synchronous preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, so that more patients to improve the local control rate, to avoid the adverse reactions of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, while allowing some to retain the anorectal patients with no reservations Possible organs. Therefore, surgical resection of rectal cancer is the preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment, is worth a wide range of applications of a treatment.