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摘要 研究了微波无极紫外(MWEUV)光助Fenton法对有机农药废水的强化降解作用,比较了单独MW、单独Fenton、紫外汞灯光助Fenton(UV/Fenton)和MWEUV光助Fenton(MWEUV/Fenton)4种体系的处理效果,考察了初始pH、H2O2投加量和Fe2+投加量对COD降解率的影响。结果表明,MWEUV比紫外汞灯具有更高的强化降解作用。在H2O2投加量为60 mmol/L,Fe2+投加量为0.5 mmol/L,初始pH为2~5的条件下,有机农药废水可被完全降解。
关键词 微波无极紫外;Fenton试剂;农药废水
中图分类号 S181.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)25-08696-03
Abstract The enhanced treatment of Fenton by microwave electrodeless ultraviolet (MWEUV) for pesticide wastewater was studied. The four degradation systems included MW alone, Fenton alone, UV/Fenton and MWEUV/Fenton were compared. Effects of initial pH value, H2O2 dosage and Fe2+ dosage on degradation efficiency were also investigated. The results showed that MWEUV was more efficient than commercial UV lamp. At 60 mmol/L of H2O2 dosage, 0.5 mmol/L of Fe2+ dosage, 2-5 of initial pH value, pesticide wastewater was completely degraded by MWEUV/Fenton within 120 min.
Key words Microwave electrodeless ultraviolet (MWEUV); Fenton reagent; Pesticide wastewater
农药废水具有浓度高、毒性大、污染物成分复杂、可生化性差等特点,采用传统的生化法和物理化学法处理效果不理想。作为一种高级氧化技术(AOPs),Fenton试剂在高浓度、难降解、有毒有害废水的处理方面受到了越来越多地关注[1]。与传统Fenton法相比,紫外光助Fenton法不仅能显著加快反应速率,减少H2O2的用量,还能极大地提高Fenton试剂的氧化性能[2]。已有研究表明,紫外光助Fenton能够通过H2O2的紫外光解和Fe3+的光致还原作用生产更多的羟基自由基[3-5]。因此,UV光源是紫外光助Fenton反应系统设计的重要环节。
微波无极紫外(MWEUV)是近年来开发的一种新型紫外光源,具有辐射强度高、寿命长、可制备成任意形状、同时获得紫外和微波辐射等优势[6-8]。MWEUV作为光源已成功地应用在UV光解[9]、UV/H2O2[10]和光催化等反应体系中[11]。然而,有关MWEUV对Fenton法处理的强化作用却鲜有报道。
笔者研究了微波无极紫外光助Fenton(MWEUV/Fenton)对有机农药废水的处理效果,对比了不同反应体系的降解效率,着重比较了微波无极紫外与传统紫外汞灯对Fenton的强化作用,并对MWEUV/Fenton处理法的主要参数进行了优化,以期为新型、高效的光助Fenton处理法的开发和有机农药废水的处理提供一定的理论依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验试剂
有机农药废水来源于某农药厂生产排水,废水已经过简单混凝沉淀预处理,初始COD浓度约450 mg/L,其他试剂均为分析纯。
1.2 试验装置
试验装置如图1所示,反应器为圆柱形石英玻璃管,有效容积1 L。微波发生器输出功率700 W,频率2.45 GHz。微波无极紫外灯规格为U25(U型,外径25 mm),功率约为25 W。反应溶液利用循环泵进行外部循环冷却,反应过程中溶液温度保持(25±0.5)℃,循环泵流量5 L/min。搅拌器连续搅拌,以保证溶液混合均匀。整个反应系统采用耐高温、耐腐蚀的硅胶管连接。在紫外汞灯光助Fenton对比试验中,采用1只25 W的商业汞灯代替MWEUV灯,且反应过程中不启动微波发生器。
3 结论
在紫外光助Fenton处理体系中,MWEUV比商业紫外汞灯具有更高的强化降解作用。MWEUV/Fenton法处理农药废水的最佳条件为:H2O2投加量为60 mmol/L,Fe2+投加量为0.5 mmol/L,初始pH为2~5。MWEUV应用于光助Fenton处理农药废水具有良好的前景。
参考文献
[1] 杨涛,郑伟,余海晨,等.生物活性炭滤池-流化床复合工艺处理农药废水的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(18):9835-9837.
[2] 罗小叶,洪军,谷静丽,等.零价铁类Fenton试剂氧化降解废水中有机污染物的研究进展[J].化工环保,2013(2):129-133.
[3] 吴彦瑜,郑可,陈东宇,等.Fenton 试剂氧化降解腐殖酸动力学[J].环境科学,2010,31(9):2085-2091.
[4] CHEN J,ZHU L.Oxalate enhanced mechanism of hydroxylFepillared bentonite during the degradation of Orange II by UVFenton process [J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,185(2):1477-1481. [5] AKIN KARCI,IDIL ARSLANALATON,MIRAY BEKBOLET,et al.H2O2/UVC and photoFenton treatment of a nonylphenol polyethoxylate in synthetic freshwater:Followup of degradation products,acute toxicity and genotoxicity [J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,241:43-51.
[6] ALSHAMMA’A A I,PANDITHAS I,LUCAS J.Lowpressure microwave plasma ultraviolet lamp for water purification and ozone applications[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2001,34(18):2775.
[7] XIA L Y,GU D H,TAN J,et al.Photolysis of low concentration H2S under UV/VUV irradiation emitted from microwave discharge electrodeless lamps [J].Chemosphere,2008,71(9):1774-1780.
[8] HORIKOSHI S,KAJITANI M,SATO S,et al.A novel environmental riskfree microwave discharge electrodeless lamp(MDEL)in advanced oxidation processes:Degradation of the 2,4D herbicide[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:Chemistry,2007,189(2):355-363.
[9] ZHANG X,WANG Y,LI G,et al.Oxidative decomposition of azo dye C.I.Acid Orange 7(AO7)under microwave electrodeless lamp irradiation in the presence of H2O2 [J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,134(1):183-189.
[10] FERRARI C,LONGO I,TOMBARI E,et al.A novel microwave photochemical reactor for the oxidative decomposition of Acid Orange 7 azo dye by MW/UV/H2O2 process [J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:Chemistry,2009,204(2):115-121.
[11] 成功,雷蕾,徐迪,等.微波无极紫外光催化-内电解协同降解活性艳红 X-3B[J].化工环保,2009,29(3):207-211.
[12] VUJEVIC' D,PAPIC' S,KOPRIVANAC N,et al.Decolorization and Mineralization of Reactive Dye by UV/Fenton Process[J].Separation Science and Technology,2010,45(11):1637-1643.
[13] ZHANG Y Y,HE C,SHARMA V K,et al.A new reactor coupling heterogeneous Fentonlike catalytic oxidation with membrane separation for degradation of organic pollutants[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2011,86(12):1488-1494.
[14] PARK J H,CHO I H,CHANG S W.Comparison of Fenton and photoFenton processes for livestock wastewater treatment[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B,2006,41(2):109-120.
[15] MALIK P K,SAHA S K.Oxidation of direct dyes with hydrogen peroxide using ferrous ion as catalyst[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2003,31(3):241-250.
[16] BADAWY M I,GOHARY F EI,GHALY M Y,et al.Enhancement of olive mill wastewater biodegradation by homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,169(1):673-679.
[17] SABAIKAI W,SEKINE M,TOKUMURA M,et al.UV light photoFenton degradation of polyphenols in oolong tea manufacturing wastewater[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part A,2014,49(2):193-202.
[18] TOKUMURA M,MORITO R,HATAYAMA R,et al.Iron redox cycling in hydroxyl radical generation during the photoFenton oxidative degradation:dynamic change of hydroxyl radical concentration[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2011,106(3):565-576.
[19] XU L,WANG J.Magnetic nanoscaled Fe3O4/CeO2 composite as an efficient Fentonlike heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of 4chlorophenol [J].Environmental Science & Technology,2012,46(18):10145-10153.
[20] LUCAS M S,PERES J A.Degradation of Reactive Black 5 by Fenton/UVC and ferrioxalate/H2O2/solar light processes [J].Dyes and Pigments,2007,74(3):622-629.
[21] ZHONG Y,LIANG X,ZHONG Y,et al.Heterogeneous UV/Fenton degradation of TBBPA catalyzed by titanomagnetite:Catalyst characterization,performance and degradation products[J].Water Research,2012,46(15):4633-4644.
关键词 微波无极紫外;Fenton试剂;农药废水
中图分类号 S181.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)25-08696-03
Abstract The enhanced treatment of Fenton by microwave electrodeless ultraviolet (MWEUV) for pesticide wastewater was studied. The four degradation systems included MW alone, Fenton alone, UV/Fenton and MWEUV/Fenton were compared. Effects of initial pH value, H2O2 dosage and Fe2+ dosage on degradation efficiency were also investigated. The results showed that MWEUV was more efficient than commercial UV lamp. At 60 mmol/L of H2O2 dosage, 0.5 mmol/L of Fe2+ dosage, 2-5 of initial pH value, pesticide wastewater was completely degraded by MWEUV/Fenton within 120 min.
Key words Microwave electrodeless ultraviolet (MWEUV); Fenton reagent; Pesticide wastewater
农药废水具有浓度高、毒性大、污染物成分复杂、可生化性差等特点,采用传统的生化法和物理化学法处理效果不理想。作为一种高级氧化技术(AOPs),Fenton试剂在高浓度、难降解、有毒有害废水的处理方面受到了越来越多地关注[1]。与传统Fenton法相比,紫外光助Fenton法不仅能显著加快反应速率,减少H2O2的用量,还能极大地提高Fenton试剂的氧化性能[2]。已有研究表明,紫外光助Fenton能够通过H2O2的紫外光解和Fe3+的光致还原作用生产更多的羟基自由基[3-5]。因此,UV光源是紫外光助Fenton反应系统设计的重要环节。
微波无极紫外(MWEUV)是近年来开发的一种新型紫外光源,具有辐射强度高、寿命长、可制备成任意形状、同时获得紫外和微波辐射等优势[6-8]。MWEUV作为光源已成功地应用在UV光解[9]、UV/H2O2[10]和光催化等反应体系中[11]。然而,有关MWEUV对Fenton法处理的强化作用却鲜有报道。
笔者研究了微波无极紫外光助Fenton(MWEUV/Fenton)对有机农药废水的处理效果,对比了不同反应体系的降解效率,着重比较了微波无极紫外与传统紫外汞灯对Fenton的强化作用,并对MWEUV/Fenton处理法的主要参数进行了优化,以期为新型、高效的光助Fenton处理法的开发和有机农药废水的处理提供一定的理论依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验试剂
有机农药废水来源于某农药厂生产排水,废水已经过简单混凝沉淀预处理,初始COD浓度约450 mg/L,其他试剂均为分析纯。
1.2 试验装置
试验装置如图1所示,反应器为圆柱形石英玻璃管,有效容积1 L。微波发生器输出功率700 W,频率2.45 GHz。微波无极紫外灯规格为U25(U型,外径25 mm),功率约为25 W。反应溶液利用循环泵进行外部循环冷却,反应过程中溶液温度保持(25±0.5)℃,循环泵流量5 L/min。搅拌器连续搅拌,以保证溶液混合均匀。整个反应系统采用耐高温、耐腐蚀的硅胶管连接。在紫外汞灯光助Fenton对比试验中,采用1只25 W的商业汞灯代替MWEUV灯,且反应过程中不启动微波发生器。
3 结论
在紫外光助Fenton处理体系中,MWEUV比商业紫外汞灯具有更高的强化降解作用。MWEUV/Fenton法处理农药废水的最佳条件为:H2O2投加量为60 mmol/L,Fe2+投加量为0.5 mmol/L,初始pH为2~5。MWEUV应用于光助Fenton处理农药废水具有良好的前景。
参考文献
[1] 杨涛,郑伟,余海晨,等.生物活性炭滤池-流化床复合工艺处理农药废水的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(18):9835-9837.
[2] 罗小叶,洪军,谷静丽,等.零价铁类Fenton试剂氧化降解废水中有机污染物的研究进展[J].化工环保,2013(2):129-133.
[3] 吴彦瑜,郑可,陈东宇,等.Fenton 试剂氧化降解腐殖酸动力学[J].环境科学,2010,31(9):2085-2091.
[4] CHEN J,ZHU L.Oxalate enhanced mechanism of hydroxylFepillared bentonite during the degradation of Orange II by UVFenton process [J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,185(2):1477-1481. [5] AKIN KARCI,IDIL ARSLANALATON,MIRAY BEKBOLET,et al.H2O2/UVC and photoFenton treatment of a nonylphenol polyethoxylate in synthetic freshwater:Followup of degradation products,acute toxicity and genotoxicity [J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,241:43-51.
[6] ALSHAMMA’A A I,PANDITHAS I,LUCAS J.Lowpressure microwave plasma ultraviolet lamp for water purification and ozone applications[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2001,34(18):2775.
[7] XIA L Y,GU D H,TAN J,et al.Photolysis of low concentration H2S under UV/VUV irradiation emitted from microwave discharge electrodeless lamps [J].Chemosphere,2008,71(9):1774-1780.
[8] HORIKOSHI S,KAJITANI M,SATO S,et al.A novel environmental riskfree microwave discharge electrodeless lamp(MDEL)in advanced oxidation processes:Degradation of the 2,4D herbicide[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:Chemistry,2007,189(2):355-363.
[9] ZHANG X,WANG Y,LI G,et al.Oxidative decomposition of azo dye C.I.Acid Orange 7(AO7)under microwave electrodeless lamp irradiation in the presence of H2O2 [J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,134(1):183-189.
[10] FERRARI C,LONGO I,TOMBARI E,et al.A novel microwave photochemical reactor for the oxidative decomposition of Acid Orange 7 azo dye by MW/UV/H2O2 process [J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:Chemistry,2009,204(2):115-121.
[11] 成功,雷蕾,徐迪,等.微波无极紫外光催化-内电解协同降解活性艳红 X-3B[J].化工环保,2009,29(3):207-211.
[12] VUJEVIC' D,PAPIC' S,KOPRIVANAC N,et al.Decolorization and Mineralization of Reactive Dye by UV/Fenton Process[J].Separation Science and Technology,2010,45(11):1637-1643.
[13] ZHANG Y Y,HE C,SHARMA V K,et al.A new reactor coupling heterogeneous Fentonlike catalytic oxidation with membrane separation for degradation of organic pollutants[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2011,86(12):1488-1494.
[14] PARK J H,CHO I H,CHANG S W.Comparison of Fenton and photoFenton processes for livestock wastewater treatment[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B,2006,41(2):109-120.
[15] MALIK P K,SAHA S K.Oxidation of direct dyes with hydrogen peroxide using ferrous ion as catalyst[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2003,31(3):241-250.
[16] BADAWY M I,GOHARY F EI,GHALY M Y,et al.Enhancement of olive mill wastewater biodegradation by homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,169(1):673-679.
[17] SABAIKAI W,SEKINE M,TOKUMURA M,et al.UV light photoFenton degradation of polyphenols in oolong tea manufacturing wastewater[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part A,2014,49(2):193-202.
[18] TOKUMURA M,MORITO R,HATAYAMA R,et al.Iron redox cycling in hydroxyl radical generation during the photoFenton oxidative degradation:dynamic change of hydroxyl radical concentration[J].Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2011,106(3):565-576.
[19] XU L,WANG J.Magnetic nanoscaled Fe3O4/CeO2 composite as an efficient Fentonlike heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of 4chlorophenol [J].Environmental Science & Technology,2012,46(18):10145-10153.
[20] LUCAS M S,PERES J A.Degradation of Reactive Black 5 by Fenton/UVC and ferrioxalate/H2O2/solar light processes [J].Dyes and Pigments,2007,74(3):622-629.
[21] ZHONG Y,LIANG X,ZHONG Y,et al.Heterogeneous UV/Fenton degradation of TBBPA catalyzed by titanomagnetite:Catalyst characterization,performance and degradation products[J].Water Research,2012,46(15):4633-4644.