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历史包含真实发生过的历史事件和作为文本的历史叙事或历史话语两层不同的含义。海登·怀特用现代文学理论研究文本层面的历史。他指出历史学家使用情节设置、形式论证和意识形态蕴涵三种解释策略以及四种转义性语言进行历史修撰,历史文本因此不再是客观地再现或叙述历史事件,而具有了文学文本所特有的叙事性、诗歌性和意识形态维度。因之,历史话语带有了一切语言构造物的虚构性。
History contains two distinct meanings of historical events that actually happened and historical narration or historical discourse as texts. Hayden White uses modern literary theory to study the history of the text. He pointed out that historians use the three explanation tactics of plot setting, formal argumentation and ideological implication as well as four kinds of aversive language to make historical relics. Therefore, historical texts no longer objectively reproduce or narrate historical events, but have literary texts The unique narrative, poetic and ideological dimensions. Because of this, historical discourse carries the fictionality of all language constructions.