小额信贷在反贫困方面有着重要的作用,因而迅速被发展中国家接受和推广,并被认为是满足农村金融需求的有效制度设计。然而,实践过程中发生的信贷危机对小额信贷的可持续发展提出挑战,制度设计缺陷、缺乏有效监管、恶性竞争等被认为是出现危机的重要因素。未来小额信贷发展应明确小额信贷的特点和基本目标,界定其福利性和制度性,以公平促进商业小额信贷公司和公益性小额信贷公司共同发展。 Microfinance has an important role in anti-poverty and is quickly accepted and promoted by developing countries and is considered to be an effective system design that meets the needs of rural finance. However, the credit crisis that occurred in practice challenged the sustainable development of microfinance, and the defects of system design, lack of effective regulation and vicious competition were considered as important factors of crisis. In the future, the development of microfinance should define the characteristics and basic goals of microfinance, define its welfare and institutionalities, and promote the common development of commercial microfinance companies and public welfare microfinance companies in a fair manner.