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2005年,美国国会通过了《2005年能源政策法案》,该法案授权在2021年之前建造和运行一个高温气冷堆(HTGR)。在美国国内专家对未来核技术发展方向进行了多年的研究后,该法案才得以通过。作为该法案的结果,美国国会设立了名为“下一代核电站”的项目,这是一种为制氢提供工艺用热的HTGR。尽管HTGR被寄予了很高的期望,但其现状仅限于完成关于先进燃料、石墨和其他材料的研究计划,并不是如国会在2005年提出的建造一个示范电站。HTGR发展目标降低背后有许多原因,包括:用于研究的政府资金不足,对反应堆不切实际的高温要求,对“氢”经济需求的延迟,来自轻水冷却的小型模块反应堆的竞争,业主公司对新技术的兴趣较低,美国天然气价格过低,以及美国对非水冷反应堆许可证申请的具有挑战性的流程等。
In 2005, the U.S. Congress passed the Energy Policy Act of 2005, which authorizes the construction and operation of a high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) by 2021. After years of research on the future direction of nuclear technology in the United States by domestic experts, the bill was passed. As a result of the act, the U.S. Congress has set up a project called “Next Generation Nuclear Power Station,” a HTGR that provides process heat for hydrogen production. Despite the high expectations placed on the HTGR, its status quo is limited to completion of its research program on advanced fuels, graphite and other materials, not the construction of a demonstration power plant as proposed by Congress in 2005. There are many reasons behind the reduction in the development goals of the HTGR, including inadequate government funding for research, unrealistic high temperature requirements for reactors, delays in the economy of “hydrogen”, competition from light-water cooled SMRs, Owners’ interest in new technologies, low natural gas prices in the United States, and the United States challenging process for permitting non-CFR applications.