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利用多年国家黑土肥力与肥料效益监测基地资料,探讨长期定位施肥对黑土耕层养分供应和土壤生产力的影响。试验表明,化肥与有机肥配施对土壤生产力的贡献优于相应化肥单施。单施氮肥土壤平均生产力贡献率为68.9%,随着试验年份的延长,单施氮肥对土壤生产力贡献率呈明显下降趋势。氮肥与有机肥配施(M2N)土壤平均生产力贡献率达94%,单施化肥(NPK)处理土壤生产力贡献率较平缓,单施有机肥对土壤生产力贡献率优于单施化肥。多年不合理施肥,N、P、K养分的供应能力逐年降低,尤其以N素最为明显。化肥配施有机肥比单施化肥能更好地提高土壤养分可持续指数。
Based on the data of black soil fertility and fertilizer benefit monitoring base in many years, the effects of long-term fertilization on nutrient supply and soil productivity of black soil topsoil were discussed. The experiment shows that the contribution of chemical fertilizer and organic manure to soil productivity is better than that of single fertilizer. The contribution rate of single N fertilizer to soil average productivity was 68.9%. With the extension of test year, the contribution of N application to soil productivity decreased obviously. The contribution rate of average productivity of nitrogen and organic fertilizer to soil was 94%, and the contribution of NPK to soil productivity was relatively flat. The contribution of organic fertilizer to soil productivity was better than that of chemical fertilizer alone. Years of unreasonable fertilization, N, P, K nutrient supply capacity decreased year by year, especially the most obvious N-element. Fertilizer application of organic fertilizer better than single fertilizer can improve soil nutrient sustainability index.