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在柴油机、压力机及化工压力容器等重要螺栓联接中,由于联接中各零件是相互约束的弹性体。当外载荷作用时,螺栓和被联接件的变形就发生了变化。为了保证联接间不产生缝隙,并具有足够的紧密性及联接刚性,在装配时应将螺栓事先预紧,其预紧力 F′及残余预紧力 F″大小的确定十分重要,它不仅涉及螺栓联接的可靠性,而且还影响到螺栓联接的结构尺寸。然而,现行的计算方法比较繁琐,应用不便。本文试图从力——变形——刚度三者相互关系中,引入预紧系数 K_f,寻求简便的计算公式,或者图表,便于设计计算使用。
In diesel engines, presses and chemical pressure vessels and other important bolt connections, due to the coupling of the parts are mutually constrained elastomer. When the external load, the bolt and the deformation of the joints have changed. In order to ensure that there is no gap between the joints and with sufficient tightness and connection rigidity, the bolts should be preloaded during assembly. The determination of the preload F ’and the residual preload F "is of great importance not only to However, the current calculation method is cumbersome and inconvenient to use.In this paper, we try to introduce the pre-stress coefficient K_f from the relationship between force-deformation-stiffness, Seek simple formulas, or charts, to facilitate the design and calculation.