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目的了解深圳市沙井街道某电镀企业存在的职业病危害因素和采取的职业病危害防护措施,确定职业病危害因素关键控制点,为职业病防治工作提供依据。方法采取职业卫生现场调查、检查表法、职业卫生检测、定量分级相结合的方法对该企业进行现状评价。结果在生产工艺过程中产生的主要职业病危害因素有氢氧化钠、硫酸、氰化氢、可溶性镍化物、二氧化氮、二氯甲烷、噪声和高温。化学有害因素检测浓度结果均符合职业卫生限值要求。噪声检测结果显示,电镀车间电镀线超声清洗工位为86.9~88.5 dB(A),超出职业接触限值要求,其危害等级为I级。高温检测结果显示,烘干房烘干工位湿球黑球温度(WBGT)指数为29.5℃,超出职业接触限值的要求,其危害等级为I级。电镀线超声清洗、烘干房烘干工位为职业病危害因素关键控制点。结论该企业的表面处理工艺属于金属制造业,其建设项目危害风险程度分类为职业病危害较重。企业应根据自身特点完善所采取的职业病危害防护措施,尤其是加强对噪声、高温超标岗位的职业危害防护,以更好地保护劳动者健康。
Objective To understand the occupational hazards and protective measures against occupational hazards in a electroplating enterprise in Shajing Street, Shenzhen, and to determine the key control points of occupational hazards in order to provide basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods Occupational health field surveys, checklist methods, occupational health tests, and quantitative methods were used to evaluate the current status of the enterprise. Results The main occupational hazards in the production process were sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, hydrogen cyanide, soluble nickel compounds, nitrogen dioxide, methylene chloride, noise and high temperature. Chemical harmful concentrations of test results are in line with occupational health limit requirements. Noise test results show that the electroplating workshop electroplating line ultrasonic cleaning station 86.9 ~ 88.5 dB (A), exceeding the occupational exposure limit requirements, the hazard level I level. The results of the high temperature test showed that the wet bulb black ball temperature (WBGT) index of the drying room drying station was 29.5 ℃, which exceeded the occupational exposure limits, and the hazard level was Grade I. Electroplating line ultrasonic cleaning, drying room drying station for occupational hazards key control points. Conclusion The surface treatment of the enterprise belongs to the metal manufacturing industry, and the hazard degree of its construction projects is classified as serious as occupational diseases. Enterprises should improve their occupational hazards according to their own protective measures taken, in particular, to strengthen occupational hazards to noise and high temperature posts to protect workers in order to better protect the health of workers.