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瑞典矿业具有约一千年的历史。它为人们的就业和社会发展做出了重要的贡献。然而,矿业也影响了环境,因此几乎在整个矿山的生产历程中一直在进行各种作业的调整。可以说,当今存在的环境影响代表了过去允许开采和进行生产时的知识水平以及对生态的认识程度。环境影响主要与硫化矿的生产有关。在硫化矿的生产过程中,酸的排放问题已引起了人们极大的关注。从六十年代后期开始加强了环境保护措施,使得在生产不断增长的条件下,对水和空气的污染物质的排放量大大降低。目前矿山生产对环境的污染很小,可认为生态状况良好。末来的环境问题主要是通过黄铁矿尾矿的存放措施来控制,从技术和法律的观点来看,老尾矿的堆放仍是一个特殊的问题。依靠法律来保护环境是主要的方面。然而,易变和漫长的决定过程将成为矿山设计的负担,这可能会有碍于未来的矿山建设。
The Swedish mining industry has a history of about a thousand years. It has made important contributions to people’s employment and social development. However, mining has also affected the environment, so adjustments have been made in a variety of operations almost throughout the mine’s production history. It can be said that today’s environmental impact represents the level of knowledge and ecological understanding of the past when mining and production were permitted. The environmental impact is mainly related to the production of sulphide ore. In the production of sulphide ore, the problem of acid discharge has caused great concern. Environmental protection measures have been stepped up since the late 1960s, resulting in a drastic reduction in the discharge of water and air pollutants under the conditions of growing production. At present, mine production has little environmental pollution and can be considered as a good ecological environment. Future environmental problems are dominated by the storage of pyrite tailings, which is still a particular issue from a technical and legal point of view. Relying on the law to protect the environment is a major aspect. However, the variable and long process of decision-making will become a burden on mine design, which may hinder future mine construction.